【摘 要】
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In his famous 1982 lecture, Nobel lau-reate Richard Feynman seeded the idea of quantum computation. He reasoned that the amount of classical information require
【机 构】
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School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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In his famous 1982 lecture, Nobel lau-reate Richard Feynman seeded the idea of quantum computation. He reasoned that the amount of classical information required to describe a quantum system scaled exponentially with its size, and thus could not be efficiently simulated by a classical computer. Indeed, a fairly mod-est system of 100 quantum bits would already require more information to de-scribe than all the present data storage on Earth [1]. Given this, there would likely be computational tasks that achieve quantum supremacy—impossible to per-form practically without the aid of a quan-tum information processor. In the 37 in-tervening years, these initial ideas have solidified, as the discovery of a string of quantum algorithms—from efficient factoring of large numbers to simulat-ing chemical reactions—fueled a race for quantum supremacy.
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