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《国际食品法典》标准制定的“八步二读”程序强调协商一致决策规则,保障所有相关主体的利益被同等考量,确保法典标准的合法性。WTO成立后,法典标准法律地位得到增强,标准制定实践逐渐偏离协商一致规则,显现出透明度欠缺、参与度不足等问题从而面临合法性危机。修改完善程序规则,重视科学的基础作用,保障发展中国家及公共利益非政府组织广泛参与,增强公开透明度等是应对合法性危机的关键。
The Codex Alimentarius formulation of the “8 Steps and Second Readings” procedure emphasizes the consensus decision-making rules to ensure that the interests of all relevant actors are considered equally and the legitimacy of Codex standards is ensured. After the establishment of the WTO, the legal status of Codex standards has been strengthened, standard setting practices gradually deviate from the consensus rules, showing the problems of lack of transparency and lack of participation, thus facing the crisis of legitimacy. The key to resolving the crisis of legitimacy is to amend and improve the rules of procedure, attach importance to the fundamental role of science, and ensure broad participation of non-governmental organizations in developing countries and the public interest to enhance public transparency.