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植硅体碳(Phytolith-Occluded Carbon,Phyt OC)是一种相对稳定的碳组分,在生物地球化学碳循环和减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色。在总结前人研究的基础上,论述了植硅体碳的形成机制和其碳汇能力的影响因素,综述了当前中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的研究成果,探讨了中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的调控机制,最后对未来中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的研究方向进行了展望。气候、地表植被类型、土壤环境及植硅体自身化学组份等诸多因素都将直接或间接影响植硅体的碳汇能力。中国草地、农田、森林、湿地和灌丛生态系统植硅体碳产生速率分别为(0.6±0.1)×106,(4.9±1.7)×106,(1.9±0.4)×106,(0.6±0.5)×106和(1.3±0.3)×106t CO2/a。含硅材料施加、高硅植物栽培和传统的提高植物地上净初级生产力等措施均可显著提高中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇潜力。今后应进一步研究不同植物产生植硅体碳的机理,加强不同陆地生态系统中植物地下部分植硅体碳汇能力的研究,对不同陆地生态系统土壤植硅体碳汇量进行量化,并提出更加全面、经济、合理的管理措施以提高植硅体碳汇量。
Phytolith-carbon (Phyt OC) is a relatively stable carbon component that plays an important role in the biogeochemical carbon cycle and in the mitigation of global warming. On the basis of summarizing the previous studies, the formation mechanisms of phytoliths and their influencing factors on carbon sequestration were discussed. The current research results on phytolith carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems of China were reviewed. The impacts of terrestrial ecosystem planting Finally, the future research direction of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems in China is prospected. Many factors such as climate, surface vegetation types, soil environment, and the chemical composition of phytoliths will directly or indirectly affect the carbon sequestration capacity of phytoliths. The carbon production rates of phytolith in grassland, farmland, forest, wetland and shrub ecosystem in China were (0.6 ± 0.1) × 106, (4.9 ± 1.7) × 106, (1.9 ± 0.4) × 106 and (0.6 ± 0.5) × 106 and (1.3 ± 0.3) × 106t CO2 / a. The application of silicon-containing materials, cultivation of high-silicon plants and traditional methods of improving the net primary productivity of plants on the ground can significantly increase the carbon sink potential of phytoliths in terrestrial ecosystems in China. In the future, we should further study the mechanism of phytolith carbon production in different plants, study on the ability of phytolith carbon sink in different parts of terrestrial ecosystems, and quantify the amount of phytolith carbon sink in different terrestrial ecosystems. Comprehensive, economical and reasonable management measures to improve the carbon content of phytoliths.