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我们对周围世界及对自己的了解都是通过某种感觉器官得来的。英国哲学家乔治·洛克在《人的思维实验》一书中指出,“没有感觉就没有理性。”这一原则成了感觉论的奠基石。到了20世纪,列宁指出:感觉是运动着的物质的形式,只有通过感觉我们才能了解物质的形状、运动形式,感觉是由运动着的物质对我们感官的作用引起的。 一般认为,人有五种感觉,视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和皮肤感觉。皮肤觉又包括接触觉、压觉、热觉,冷觉、痛觉等。据统计,一平方厘米的皮肤上有110—200个痛点,12—15个冷点,1—2个热点,25个左右接触压力点和25个左右接触觉点。它们是根据身体的部位而分布的,身体各部位的点数是不等的。接触觉点在手指端部相当多,因此,手指的感觉比手的其他部位的皮肤灵敏。视觉是通过视网膜锥状细胞来实现的。外感受器官(外感受器),分为末稍感受器(视觉、听觉、嗅觉)和接触感受器(味觉和皮肤感觉)。
Our understanding of the world around us and ourselves is through some kind of sensory organ. George Locke, a British philosopher, pointed out in his book “Human Thinking Experiments,” that “there is no reason without feeling.” This principle has become the cornerstone of sensibility theory. In the twentieth century, Lenin pointed out: Feeling is a form of material movement. Only through feeling can we understand the shape and movement form of matter, which is caused by the action of moving matter on our senses. It is generally assumed that people have five senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and skin feel. Skin sensation also includes contact, pressure, thermal, cold sensation, pain and so on. According to statistics, a square centimeter of the skin has 110-200 pain points, 12-15 cold spots, 1-2 hot spots, about 25 contact pressure points and about 25 contact points. They are based on the body parts and distribution, the body parts of the points are not equal. The touch point is quite a lot at the end of the finger, so the feel of the finger is more sensitive than the skin of the rest of the hand. Vision is achieved through retinal pyramidal cells. External organs (external receptors), divided into the terminal receptors (visual, auditory, olfactory) and contact receptors (taste and skin feel).