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目的了解2008-2012年南昌市5岁以下儿童死亡率、死因分类的动态变化,为制定政策,降低儿童死亡率提供依据。方法依托南昌市妇幼卫生网络系统,收集5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据,分析各年份儿童死亡率、死亡构成、农村与城市儿童死亡原因分类的变化。结果 5岁以下儿童死亡率10.23‰、婴儿死亡率7.00‰、新生儿死亡率4.51‰,1~4岁儿童死亡率3.23‰,新生儿及婴儿死亡分别占5岁以下儿童死亡的44.1%和68.4%。农村5岁以下儿童死亡率11.56‰、1~4岁儿童死亡率4.30‰,城市5岁以下儿童死亡率8.53‰、1~4岁儿童死亡率1.85‰,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。5岁以下儿童死因顺位前5位依次为:早产及低出生体重、诊断不明、溺水、肺炎、意外窒息。结论进一步加强围产期保健知识宣传力度,提高围产期保健水平,减少早产和低出生体重儿的发生,降低新生儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的关键。加强安全宣传,增加防患措施,降低溺水、交通意外、意外窒息、意外跌落等各类意外的发生,减少儿童意外死亡,尤其是减少农村儿童死亡是今后基层妇幼保健工作人员的重要任务。
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of death rate and cause of death among children under 5 years old in Nanchang City from 2008 to 2012 so as to provide basis for policy formulation and reduction of child mortality rate. Methods Based on Nanchang Maternal and Child Health Network System, we collected data on the death of children under 5 years of age and analyzed the changes of child mortality, deaths and the causes of death among rural and urban children in each year. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age was 10.23 ‰, the infant mortality rate was 7.00 ‰, the neonatal mortality rate was 4.51 ‰, the mortality rate of children aged 1-4 years was 3.23 ‰, and the deaths of newborns and infants accounted for 44.1% and 68.4% respectively of those under 5 years of age %. The death rate of children under 5 years of age in rural areas was 11.56 ‰, that of children aged 1 to 4 years was 4.30 ‰, that of urban children under 5 years old was 8.53 ‰, and that of children aged 1 to 4 years was 1.85 ‰ (P <0.01) ). The top 5 causes of death among children under 5 years of age were as follows: premature birth and low birth weight, unknown diagnosis, drowning, pneumonia and accidental suffocation. Conclusions To further strengthen the publicity of perinatal health knowledge, improve perinatal health care, reduce the incidence of premature birth and low birth weight children and reduce the neonatal mortality rate is the key to reduce the death of children under 5 years of age. Reduce the occurrence of accidents such as drowning, traffic accidents, accidental suffocation, accidental falls and the like, and reduce the accidental death of children. In particular, reducing the death of rural children is an important task for maternal and child health workers in the future.