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《日下旧闻》是朱彝尊的一部重要著作,详细记载了京师的地理沿革、典章制度及遗闻旧事,是当时最大、最完备的一部北京地方志。朱彝尊作为明代遗民,早年曾从事抗清活动,后以布衣入征博学鸿儒,出仕清廷,颇得康熙皇帝器重,却因擅抄书而被贬。此书即写作于其被贬官期间,不仅保存了大量的史志资料,其中也包含着作者以史为鉴的著书思想,寄寓自己的故国之思、亡国之痛和对自己屈节仕清的某种反思。本文通过对朱彝尊自身学术的积累、宣南文化的影响,以及反清思想与明哲保身的处世哲学三个方面,分析其创作《日下旧闻》的动因和心境,进而深入探究其学术思想的发展变化。
The news of the ancient times is an important book written by Zhu Yizun, detailing the geography, rules and ordinances of the Imperial School and the old stories of the great historical relics. It was the largest and most complete local dialect of the time in Beijing. As a descendant of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yizun, who had been engaged in anti-Qing activities in his early years, later went to Hongqi as a commoner in his commoner and became a court of Qing dynasty. This book is to be written in the demoted official period, not only save a large number of historical records, which also contains the author’s history as a mirror book thinking, send their own thinking of the homeland, the pain of subjugation and their reflection . By analyzing Zhu Yizun’s own academic accumulation, the influence of Xuannan culture, and the anti-qing thought and the philosophical philosophy of saving the soul and soul, this article analyzes the motivation and state of mind of his creation, and then explores the development and change of his academic thoughts .