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肿瘤细胞的快速增殖导致它和正常细胞比较需要更多的代谢原料。为维持其自身的高度增殖,肿瘤细胞往往过表达M2型丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase subtype M2,PKM2)。在肿瘤的糖代谢通路中,二聚体形式的PKM2(抑制型)促进葡萄糖中间产物进行生物大分子合成代谢,而四聚体结构的PKM2(激活型)则促进葡萄糖的氧化磷酸化为细胞提供能量,二聚体PKM2在肿瘤细胞中占主要地位。PKM2的过表达以及PKM2二聚体、四聚体之间的转化使肿瘤细胞能在各种氧含量和营养环境下生存并增殖,与肿瘤的发生和扩散有密切的关系。
The rapid proliferation of tumor cells results in more metabolic material than normal cells. To maintain their own high degree of proliferation, tumor cells often overexpress pyruvate kinase subtype M2 (PKM2). In the tumor’s glucose metabolism pathway, dimeric forms of PKM2 (inhibitory) promote the synthesis and metabolism of glucose intermediates for biological macromolecules, while the tetrameric structure of PKM2 (activated) promotes the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose to provide cells Energy, dimeric PKM2 predominates in tumor cells. The overexpression of PKM2 and the conversion of PKM2 dimers and tetramers enable tumor cells to survive and proliferate under various oxygen levels and nutritional conditions and are closely related to tumorigenesis and spread.