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运动员在高原训练中,低氧与运动双重应激中常出现的腹泻、腹痛、食欲不振及其他消化系统紊乱,可能与小肠微观形态受损和伴随发生的细菌增殖异位及炎症有关。本研究构建SD大鼠高原训练模型,观察模拟高原训练对大鼠携氧用氧能力、小肠黏膜屏障完整性、小肠细菌量及小肠NF-κB等炎症因子表达的影响。血液细胞分析结果显示,低氧暴露和低氧训练导致大鼠红细胞数和红细胞压积显著上升。苏木精-伊红染色组织切片证实,低氧暴露导致大鼠小肠机械屏障轻微损伤,低氧训练导致大鼠小肠机械屏障严重受损。荧光原位杂交结果显示,低氧暴露导致大鼠小肠出现细菌增殖发生菌群异位,低氧训练导致增殖和异位现象加剧。蛋白质免疫印迹结果显示,NF-κB仅在低氧暴露和低氧训练组出现高表达,运动组与大鼠对照组无显著差异。逆转录聚合酶链式反应结果显示,TNF-α和IL-6作为NF-κB的下游因子,出现相似的变化趋势。以上结果表明,本研究建立的动物模型可以达到模拟高原训练的目的,高原训练导致大鼠小肠机械屏障被破坏,发生细菌增殖、细菌异位,进而引发小肠炎症因子水平上升。初步揭示了高原训练中运动员出现消化系统不适、腹泻的原因。对于通过补充有益菌的方式平衡菌群,缓解小肠损伤及炎症,解决高原训练中运动员消化系统不适的问题有待继续研究。
In plateau training, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and other digestive disorders often occur in hypoxia and exercise double stress, which may be related to the damage of intestinal micro-morphology and accompanying bacterial proliferation ectopic and inflammation. In this study, SD rat model of plateau training was set up to observe the effect of simulated altitude training on oxygen-carrying capacity of oxygen-carrying rats, intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, small intestine bacterial count and the expression of inflammatory factors such as NF-κB in small intestine. Blood cell analysis showed that hypoxia exposure and hypoxia training resulted in a significant increase in red blood cell count and hematocrit in rats. Histamine-Eosin staining confirmed that hypoxia exposure caused slight damage to the mechanical barrier of small intestine in rats, and hypoxia training resulted in severe impairment of the mechanical barrier of small intestine in rats. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that hypoxia exposure led to bacterial proliferation in the rat intestinal flora ectopic, hypoxia training lead to increased proliferation and ectopic exacerbations. Western blotting results showed that NF-κB was only expressed in hypoxic exposure and hypoxia training groups, there was no significant difference between exercise group and control group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that TNF-α and IL-6 as a downstream factor of NF-κB, a similar trend. The above results show that the animal model established in this study can achieve the purpose of simulated plateau training. The plateau training leads to the destruction of the mechanical barrier of the small intestine in rats, resulting in bacterial proliferation and bacterial ectopic, which in turn leads to an increase in inflammatory factors in the small intestine. Preliminary revealed the reasons for digestive discomfort and diarrhea of athletes in plateau training. The problem of solving the problem of digestive system discomfort of athletes in plateau training needs to be further studied for balancing the flora by supplementing beneficial bacteria, alleviating intestinal injury and inflammation.