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早在本世纪初,就发现电离辐射可引起植物细胞染色体损伤,染色体畸变现已被公认为辐射最敏感的生物效应之一,一些国外研究机构已将其列为常规的生物剂量计。在40年代Auerbach发现化学物质也可诱发突变,随着对癌症过程认识的深化,人们发现化学物质的致突变作用与致癌作用密切有关。如Ames指出,约90％的致癌物具有诱发突变能力。因此,致突变作用更引起人们瞩目。又如电离辐射、苯和氯乙烯单体都是已知的工业致癌物,同时它们又是很强的染色体断裂剂(Clastogen),在从事苯、氯乙烯单体及苯乙烯工业生产的工人中染色体畸变率增高已屡有报导;近年来甚至一些可疑的工业致癌物如铅、镉、汞等的化合物所诱发的染色体畸
As early as the beginning of this century, ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome damage in plant cells. Chromosomal aberration has now been recognized as one of the most radiation-sensitive biological effects, and some foreign research institutes have listed it as a conventional biological dosimeter. Auerbach in the 1940s found that chemicals can also induce mutations, with the deepening understanding of the cancer process, it was found that the mutagenic effects of chemicals and carcinogens are closely related. As Ames points out, about 90% of carcinogens have mutagenic ability. Therefore, mutagenic effects have drawn more attention. Another example is the ionizing radiation, benzene and vinyl chloride monomer are known industrial carcinogens, they are also a strong chromosomal cleaving agent (Clastogen), engaged in benzene, vinyl chloride monomer and styrene industrial production workers Chromosome aberration rate has been repeatedly reported in recent years even some suspicious industrial carcinogens such as lead, cadmium, mercury and other compounds induced by chromosome aberrations