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目的对台州市1980-1989年和2001-2013年狂犬病的流行特征进比较分析,了解2次疫情的异同,为当地制定狂犬病防制措施提供依据。方法描述1980-1989年和2001-2013年台州市狂犬病的流行概况、三间分布等流行病学特征。结果与1980-1989年相比,2001-2013年狂犬病的流行时间从3年增至10年以上;流行强度增至0.47/10万;疫情从37.5%县(市、区)和5.0%乡镇扩大至88.9%县(市、区)和44.3%乡镇;暴露动物从犬、鼠增至犬、猫、猪;伤害部位以手足部位最常见;64.0%伤口未处理,20.0%处理不彻底;全程狂犬疫苗接种率亦低(4.0%)。结论宠养犬数量增多,犬类免疫率低是2001-2013年狂犬病流行强度增强与暴露动物增多的主要原因。提示当地部门需要提高狂犬疫苗接种率和伤口规范处理的知识水平。
Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies from 1980 to 1989 and 2001 to 2013 in Taizhou and to find out the similarities and differences between the two epidemics so as to provide basis for the local prevention and control of rabies. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Taizhou from 1980 to 1989 and from 2001 to 2013 were described. Results Compared with 1980-1989, the prevalence of rabies in 2001-2013 increased from 3 years to over 10 years; the prevalence increased to 0.47 / 100 000; the outbreak increased from 37.5% (cities and districts) and 5.0% to towns and villages To 88.9% in counties (cities and districts) and 44.3% in towns and villages. Animals exposed to dogs and cats increased from dogs and cats to dogs and cats and pigs. The most common sites of hand and foot injuries were 64.0% of wounds and 20.0% The vaccination rate is also low (4.0%). Conclusion The increasing number of pet dogs and the low immunization rate of dogs are the main reasons for the increase of rabies epidemic intensity and the increase of exposed animals in 2001-2013. Suggesting that local authorities need to raise the level of knowledge about rabies vaccination rates and treatment of wounds.