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以马克思的终身论敌蒲鲁东的所有权理论为主线和出发点来理清马克思所有权理论的基本原则、立场和观点是研究马克思所有权学说的一条重要线索和一个值得重视的立论视角。以蒲鲁东的所有权理论为批判对象,阐述了其成名作《什么是所有权》中的所有权法权批判观点和《贫困的哲学》中的所有权经济矛盾体系,其中包括以正义为批判原则审视所有权、说明所有权的形而上学、所有权的非经济起源论、解释所有权实现形式即地租和利息的社会现象学,并进一步呈现了蒲鲁东在批判和说明所有权之后所要求建立的互助制构想。结合原文本忠实解读马克思对蒲鲁东所有权理论的态度,深入透视马克恩的所有权理论,主要体现在揭露蒲鲁东所有权理论的非彻底性、伪科学性和改良性,通过对蒲鲁东所有权理论的批判开显马克思所有权理论真正的批判性、科学性和革命性之所在。
It is an important clues to study Marx’s doctrine of ownership and an argumentative perspective that takes Marx’s theory of ownership of Proudhon as the main line and starting point to sort out the basic principles, positions and opinions of Marx’s ownership theory. Based on Proudhon’s theory of ownership, this paper expounds the critical view of ownership in “What is ownership” and the system of economic conflicts of ownership in “Philosophy of poverty”, including the examination of ownership by the principle of justice as the principle of criticism The metaphysics of ownership, the non-economic theory of ownership, the social phenomenology of rent and interest explaining the form of ownership, and further the Proudhonian concept of mutual assistance demanded by Proudhon after its critique and specification of ownership. Combining with the original text, Marx’s faithful interpretation of Proudhon’s theory of ownership, and his insight into Marx’s theory of ownership are mainly reflected in the non-thoroughness, pseudoscience and improvement of Proudhon’s theory of ownership. The theory of ownership is truly critical, scientific and revolutionary.