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通过对若干个玉米杂交及其亲本自交授粉后1天、3天、7天、10天胚中ATP酶活性、RNA酶活性及蛋白质变化的比较来探讨杂种优势产生的生化机理。结果表明,30个组合的玉米授粉后一天,有90%组合杂交胚中ATP酶活性超过双亲或母本自交胚中ATP酶活性。授粉后3天杂交胚中ATP酶活性多数低于双亲自交胚中的ATP酶活性,看来这一表现与自交授粉后胚中合子细胞分裂较迟缓有关。以上四个时期授粉后,杂交胚中RNA酶活性介于双亲之间或低于双亲,这可能与杂交胚中核酸分解的速度较慢有关。杂交胚中蛋白质含量变化不同时期各组合间表现不同,杂交后胚胎发育初期胚中蛋白质的变化不一定是总的数量的增加,而是某些蛋白质或酶的变化。
The biochemical mechanism of heterosis was explored by comparing ATPase activity, RNase activity and protein changes in embryos at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days after selfing pollination of several maize hybrids and their parents. The results showed that on the day after pollination of 30 combinations of maize, the ATPase activity in 90% of the hybrid embryos surpassed the ATPase activity in the selfing embryos of parents or maternal parents. The results showed that ATPase activity of hybrid embryos 3 days after pollination was lower than ATPase activity of parents inbred embryos. It seems that this performance is related to the more sluggish zygote division in self-pollination embryos. After the above four periods of pollination, the RNase activity in the hybrid embryos was between parents or lower than that of the parents, which may be related to the slower rate of nucleic acid decomposition in the hybrid embryos. Changes in protein content in hybrid embryos during different periods showed different performance among different combinations. The changes of proteins in embryos after hybridization are not necessarily the total number, but the changes of some proteins or enzymes.