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一、光纤的结构与特性光纤是由芯与包层双层结构组成的玻璃纤维,由端面入射的光信号在芯与包层的界面全反射传输,通常芯径为50—100μm,包层直径为100—500μm.光纤与以前的金属传输线相比其特征如下:(1)长距离无中继低损耗传输;(2)由于频带宽并以光为媒质,故传输信息量大,传输信息速度极快;(3)无电磁和静电感应,即使不屏蔽也能安全传输;(4)由于光传输与电无关,并且光纤本身为绝缘体,无闪电等现象发生;
First, the structure and characteristics of optical fiber Optical fiber is composed of core and cladding double-layer structure of glass fiber, the end of the optical signal incident at the interface between the core and cladding total reflection transmission, usually core diameter 50-100μm, cladding diameter Is 100-500μm. Compared with the previous metal transmission line, the optical fiber has the following features: (1) long-distance relayless low-loss transmission; (2) due to the bandwidth and light as a medium, the transmission of large amount of information, transmission of information speed Very fast; (3) no electromagnetic and electrostatic induction, even if unshielded can be safely transmitted; (4) due to optical transmission has nothing to do with the electrical and optical fiber itself is an insulator, no lightning and other phenomena;