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多巴胺(dopamine,DA)是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物体内一种重要的生物胺,其参与调控了昆虫的多种生理反应和行为过程,如学习与记忆、认知、性取向、抉择、运动以及型变等。多巴胺主要通过结合特异性的G蛋白偶联受体,即多巴胺受体(dopamine receptors,DARs)来发挥生理作用。本文综述了多巴胺在昆虫中的调控、分布及所参与的生理功能,如多巴胺调控昆虫的交配、发育、嗅觉以及运动行为等,特别对DARs的信号转导、生理功能以及药理学等方面进行了详细评述。昆虫的DARs大致可分为两大类:D1-like DARs和D2-like DARs。D1-like DARs包含有2种亚型,分别为DOP1和DOP2。DOP1仅能偶联胞内cAMP的上升,而DOP2不仅可以起胞内cAMP的上升,还可偶联胞内Ca2+的释放。D2-like DARs仅包含有1种亚型DOP3,其被激活后引起胞内cAMP的降低。DA通过激活不同的DARs可偶联不同的第二信使系统,所产生的下游细胞反应则与昆虫的各种行为相关,而对昆虫DARs的药理学研究将有助于我们开发特异性的杀虫剂用于害虫防治。
Dopamine (DA), an important biogenic amine in vertebrates and invertebrates, is involved in the regulation of various physiological responses and behaviors of insects such as learning and memory, cognition, sexual orientation, choice, exercise and Type change and so on. Dopamine exerts its physiological effects mainly by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors, dopamine receptors (DARs). This review summarizes the regulation, distribution and physiological functions of dopamine in insects, such as the mating, development, olfactory and motor behaviors of dopamine, especially on the signal transduction, physiological functions and pharmacology of DARs Detailed comment. DARs in insects can be divided into two broad categories: D1-like DARs and D2-like DARs. D1-like DARs contains two subtypes, DOP1 and DOP2. DOP1 can only be coupled intracellular cAMP rise, and DOP2 can not only increase intracellular cAMP, but also coupled intracellular Ca2 release. D2-like DARs contain only one subtype of DOP3, which, when activated, causes a decrease in intracellular cAMP. DA activates different DARs to couple different second messenger systems, and the resulting downstream cellular responses are related to various insect behaviors, whereas pharmacological studies on insect DARs will help us to develop specific insecticides Agent for pest control.