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将植物生长调节剂乙烯利用于诱发桑叶的脱落,实现桑叶的省力化收获。于不同养蚕季节的桑叶采收高峰期(5龄蚕用叶高峰期)到来之前,将植物生长调节剂乙烯利、脱落酸和TDZ分别配制成一系列浓度的溶液,对桑树进行喷施处理,调查其诱导桑叶的脱落效果。3种浓度的乙烯利溶液在春蚕期用叶高峰时段(5月末至6月初)前施用,均没有促进成熟桑叶脱落的效果;在中秋蚕期用叶高峰时段(9月13日左右)施用1 000 mg/L乙烯利溶液,4 d后人为摇动处理的植株枝条,成熟桑叶脱落率达到50%~60%;在晚秋蚕期用叶高峰时段(10月22日左右),以1 000或2 000 mg/L乙烯利溶液处理后4 d,桑叶的自然脱落率可达35%以上,摇动枝条可使桑叶脱落率达到90%以上,仅残留上部幼嫩叶片,与传统的片叶收获方式相比较,工效提高6倍以上。脱落酸和TDZ在试验浓度范围内没有观察到促进桑叶脱落的效果。对家蚕的安全性试验结果显示,家蚕幼虫5龄期饲喂1 000或2 000 mg/L乙烯利溶液喷施桑叶,其结茧率和虫蛹率与对照组均没有显著差异。试验结果提示:乙烯利可以作为脱叶剂促进桑叶脱落,适于在北方蚕区中、晚秋蚕期的养蚕用叶高峰时段使用。
The plant growth regulator ethylene is used to induce shedding of mulberry leaves to achieve the mulberry leaf labor-saving harvest. Before the peak mulberry harvest in different sericulture seasons (the peak age of 5-year-old silkworms), the plant growth regulators ethephon, abscisic acid and TDZ were respectively formulated into a series of concentration solutions and the mulberry trees were sprayed , Investigate the shedding effect of mulberry leaves. The three concentrations of ethephon solution did not promote the shedding of mulberry leaves during the peak period of leaves (late May to early June) in spring silkworm period. In the mid-autumn silkworm period, leaf peak period (about September 13) 1 000 mg / L ethephon solution, 4 days after artificial shaking plant branches, mature mulberry leaf shedding rate of 50% to 60%; in late autumn silkworm use leaf peak period (about October 22), with 1 The natural shedding rate of mulberry leaves could reach more than 35% 4 days after treatment with 000 or 2 000 mg / L ethephon solution. Shake the branches to make the shedding rate of mulberry leaf more than 90%, leaving only the upper young leaves, Leaf harvesting compared to more than 6 times the work efficiency. Abscisic acid and TDZ showed no effect of promoting the shedding of mulberry leaves within the experimental concentration range. The results of safety tests on silkworm showed that the silkworm larvae fed with 5 or 1000 mg / L ethephon sprayed mulberry leaves at the 5th instar stage had no significant difference in cocoon formation rate and pupae rate compared with the control group. The results suggest that ethephon may be used as defoliants to promote the shedding of mulberry leaves and is suitable for sericulture leaves in the northern silkworm area during the peak period of silkworm rearing.