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本文根据八年的试验资料,从产量结构、干物质积累分配及株型等三个方面,深入分析了高产麦田的五种(丰产型、低产型、早衰型、贪青型、倒伏型)产量类型。提出了稳产千斤的指标、途径及问题。为了探讨千斤小麦的生育规律及栽培技术,自1972年以来,我们在学校小农场和正定县曹村大队进行冬小麦的栽培实验,从1973年开始连续四年创了千斤,最高亩产1087斤。由于品种的退化、不良气候因素的影响及栽培管理措施的不完善,77～79年产量略有下降,但都稳定在900斤以上。我们实验的过程大致可分为三个阶段:73和74年,以防倒伏为主,争取实现千斤;75年76年,以攻穗数和粒数为主,试图获得更高产量,结果产量略有提高,但没有更大的突破;76年以后以攻粒重为主,争取高产稳产。我们采用的品种主要是65—848,另外还有泰山一号、泰山四号、津丰一号和品三九。试验地基础情况,曹村沙壤土,有机质含量0.91—1.0%,全氮量0.081%—0.095%,速效磷69PPM 左右,速效钾104PPM 左右。亩施粗肥1—1.5万斤,磷肥100斤,底施碳铵30斤。追标准氮肥80—100斤,现已降至60斤,共折纯氮50斤左右。学校小农场为中壤土,含全氮量0.13%,亩施粗肥万斤,底施碳铵30斤,追标准氮肥80斤,共折纯氮40斤左右。通过几年的实践,我们认为由于产量形成过程的不同,高产麦田存在着丰产型、低产型、早衰型、贪青型、倒伏型等五种产量类型,深入分析其形成原因及规律性,以便合理运用技术措施,对实现高产稳产是很有益的。
Based on the experimental data of eight years, this paper deeply analyzed the yield of five high-yielding wheat varieties (high-yielding, low-yielding, premature-decaying, greyishness and lodging) from the aspects of yield structure, dry matter accumulation and distribution and plant type Types of. Put forward a stable yield indicators, ways and problems. In order to explore the law of cropping and the cultivation techniques, we have conducted experiments on cultivation of winter wheat in school small farms and Caocun Brigade in Zhengding County since 1972. Since 1973, we have achieved a record high of 1087 pounds per mu for four years in a row. Due to the degeneration of cultivars, the impact of unfavorable climatic factors and the imperfect cultivation and management measures, the output declined slightly in 77-79, but both stabilized at more than 900 kg. The process of our experiment can be roughly divided into three stages: 73 and 74 years, to prevent lodging the main, to achieve the kiln; 75 years 76 years, mainly to attack the number of spikes and grain, trying to obtain higher yields, the results of the yield A slight increase, but no greater breakthrough; after 76 years to attack grain weight-based, for high and stable yield. We use the varieties are mainly 65-848, in addition to Taishan on the 1st, Taishan on the 4th, Jinfeng One and product thirty-nine. Test ground conditions, Cao Village sandy loam, organic matter content 0.91-1.0%, total nitrogen 0.081% -0.095%, available phosphorus 69PPM or so, about 104PPM potassium. Mushi Shi 1-1.5 kilograms of fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer 100 pounds, the end of ammonium bicarbonate 30 pounds. Pursuit standard nitrogen fertilizer 80-100 pounds, has been reduced to 60 pounds, a total of 50 tons of pure nitrogen folded. School of small farms for loamy soil, containing 0.13% of total nitrogen, mu Keshi kg, at the end of 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 80 kg of standard nitrogen follow-up, a total of 40 kg of pure nitrogen folded. Through several years of practice, we believe that there are five types of yield in high yielding wheat fields, including high yield, low yield, premature aging, greyish green and lodging, due to the different process of yield formation. Rational use of technical measures is very beneficial for achieving high and stable yield.