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“文化大革命”是由对吴晗所编《海瑞罢官》的错误批判描开序幕的。 1959年4月,在中央上海会议总结“大跃进”教训时,许多同志都提出了要讲真话的主张。毛泽东同志便讲了明朝官员海瑞“直言敢谏”的故事,并号召人们学习这种精神。为了响应这一号召,明史专家、北京市副市长吴晗于6月写了《海瑞骂皇帝》一文,9月写了《论海瑞》一文,1960年又写成了京剧《海瑞罢官》。但自1959年7月,在庐山会议上彭德怀直言批评“大跃讲的”错误后,政治气氛已逐渐变化,毛泽
The “Cultural Revolution” was prefaced by the erroneous critique of “Hai Rui Dismissed from Office” by Wu Han. In April 1959, at the time when the Central Shanghai Conference concluded the lesson of the Great Leap Forward, many comrades put forward the proposition of telling the truth. Comrade Mao Tse-tung talked about the story of Ming Dynasty official Hai Rui, who “dared to remonstrate public opinion and remonstrance” and called on people to learn such a spirit. In response to this call, Wu Han, an expert in the history of the Ming Dynasty and vice mayor of Beijing, wrote an article titled “Hairai Scolds Emperor” in June. In September, he wrote the article “On Hai Rui,” and in 1960 wrote Peking Opera “Hai Rui Dismissed from Office” . But since July 1959, at a Lushan conference, Peng Teh-huai spoke out of his voice in criticizing the error of “the leap,” the political climate has gradually changed. Mao Zedong,