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教学条件仍然较差的农村小学,如何提高自然课教学质量,这是一个值得研究的课题。近几年来,我们对此作了一些探索,觉得:农村小学应该注意和发挥自己的优势来克服自身的不足,因地制宜上好自然课。如何发挥农村优势进行自然课教学呢?我们的做法是: 一、利用农村动、植物资源,替代标本、图片,上好观察课。 观察教学,是自然教学的主要方法之一。而小学自然观察课教学,主要是对一些动、植物的观察、因此,教学中我们始终注意到农村丰富的动、植物资源,利用它们来替代图片、标本模型。这样,对照实物观察,不仅减少了缺乏昆虫盒、投影仪、录相机等观察仪器的矛盾,而且既经济实惠,又直观、具体、有趣,更能够提高观察教学效果。根据教学内容、教学目的及观察材料,我还注意采用不同的形式观察。如室内观察、室外观察、集中观察和分散观察。对植物根、茎、叶的教学,只要求学生了解其形态特征,并且植物野外随处可见,因此,教学时便组织学生到室外观察。对植物花、果实、种子的
The rural primary schools whose teaching conditions are still relatively poor, how to improve the quality of natural class teaching is a subject worthy of study. In recent years, we have made some explorations and we feel that: Rural primary schools should pay attention to and exert their own advantages to overcome their own shortcomings and adapt to local conditions. How to give play to the advantages of rural areas for nature class teaching? Our approach is: First, the use of rural animal and plant resources, instead of specimens, pictures, good observation class. Observing teaching is one of the main methods of nature teaching. The teaching of natural observation in primary schools is mainly about the observation of some animals and plants. Therefore, in teaching, we always pay attention to the abundant animal and plant resources in rural areas and use them to replace the pictures and specimen models. In this way, comparing with physical observation, it not only reduces the contradiction of lacking of observation instruments such as insect boxes, projectors, and video cameras, but also is economical, intuitive, concrete, and interesting, and can improve the observation teaching effect. According to the teaching content, teaching purpose and observation materials, I also pay attention to using different forms of observation. Such as indoor observation, outdoor observation, concentrated observation and scattered observation. The teaching of the roots, stems and leaves of plants requires students to understand their morphological characteristics and be seen everywhere in the field. Therefore, when teaching, students are organized to observe outside. For plant flowers, fruits, seeds