论文部分内容阅读
防御是人类施于居址形态上对付侵略行为的一种反应,任何用来抵御进攻的措施都可称为防御。在史前社会,人类的防御手段有许多,或建造房屋、或制造武器、或燃起篝火,或流动迁徙,但这些只是简单的防御手段。当人类进入定居的农业社会,出现了更为大型化和复杂化的防御性建筑环壕和城墙,作为史前聚落的两种主要防御设施,环壕与城墙既独立存在,又相互影响。本文拟对这两种防御性建筑的时间关系、建筑特点、防御功能及在文明进程中所起的作用等诸方面进行比较和研究。那些以环壕为主要防御设施的聚落又称环壕聚落。环壕聚落比较典型的有半坡、姜寨、兴隆洼等。此类聚落共同之处是在聚落周围都有一条或数条壕沟围成的环状防御性建筑。我
Defense is a form of human response to aggression that is used to address the form of an apartment. Any measure to defend against the attack can be called a defense. In prehistoric societies, there are many human defenses, or building houses, making weapons, burning camp fires, or moving migrants, but these are just simple defensive measures. As mankind entered the settled agrarian society, larger and more complex defensive mooring walls and walls appeared. As the two major defensive facilities for prehistoric settlement, the moat and wall were independent and interdependent. This article intends to compare and study the time relationship between these two kinds of defensive buildings, architectural features, defensive functions and their roles in the process of civilization. The enclaves, which have the main moat as a moat, are also referred to as encircling moor settlements. Ring trench settlements are more typical of Banpo, Jiangzhai, Xinglongwa and so on. What these settlements have in common is a ring-shaped, defensive structure surrounded by one or more moats around the settlements. I