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目的了解成华区狂犬病防制相关因素及变化情况,为狂犬病防制工作提供科学依据。方法分别于2010年、2014年分层随机抽取2个街办(城镇、涉农街办各1个)的200户200人,采取入户面对面问卷调查,对调查数据进行单因素、多因素logistic回归等统计方法分析。结果成华区居民2014年狂犬病核心知识知晓率较2010年显著提高,总知晓率提高了15.50%,3条核心知识知晓率分别提高了16.50%、13.00%和17.00%。多因素logistic回归分析显示性别(OR=0.46)、文化程大专及以上(OR=4.22)是总知晓率的影响因素。2010年、2014年分别有4.5%与1.5%的调查对象有高危行为;分别有4.5%与1.5%的调查对象1年内有狂犬病暴露史,暴露后均规范进行了伤口处置,但其中有1例犬伤暴露者因外出旅游未找到接种点而未接种人用狂犬病疫苗。结论成华区居民狂犬病防治知识知晓率显著提高,部分居民日常存在高危行为,需继续加大狂犬病健康教育和干预力度,提高居民狂犬病防治知识,减少居民高危暴露行为,促使居民在狂犬病暴露后及时到犬伤门诊进行规范处置。
Objective To understand the related factors and the changes of rabies control in Chenghua District and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods Two 200-person sub-divisions (200 in town and one in Non-agricultural areas) were randomly selected in 2010 and 2014 respectively. Face-to-face questionnaires were used to survey the data. The data were analyzed by single factor, multivariate logistic Regression and other statistical methods. Results The awareness of rabies core knowledge among residents in Chenghua District increased significantly from 2014 to 2010 with a total awareness rate of 15.50% and three core knowledge awareness rates increased by 16.50%, 13.00% and 17.00% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR = 0.46), culture college and above (OR = 4.22) were the influential factors of the total awareness rate. In 2010 and 2014 respectively, 4.5% and 1.5% of the respondents had high-risk behavior; 4.5% and 1.5% of the respondents had a history of rabies exposure within one year respectively. Wounds were treated after exposure, but 1 case Canine casualties were not vaccinated for human rabies vaccination because they did not find their vaccination sites for travel. Conclusion The awareness rate of rabies prevention and control among residents in Chenghua District has been significantly raised. Some residents have high-risk behavior in daily life. They need to continue to increase their health education and intervention efforts to raise their awareness of rabies prevention and control and reduce their exposure to high-risk exposures. Residents should be encouraged to arrive promptly after rabies exposure Dogs outpatient norms for disposal.