论文部分内容阅读
目的了解北京市某小学水痘疫情的性质和原因,为有效防控小学生水痘疫情提供依据。方法采取现场流行病学调查,对北京市某小学30例水痘病例流行病学资料进行分析。结果本次疫情共有30名学生发病,罹患率为3.09%。86.67%的病例有免疫史,有免疫史者罹患率为2.89%,无免疫史者为9.09%。无免疫史和免疫史≥5a是主要发病人群;接种时间<5a预防效果明显,≥5a预防作用逐渐减弱。结论疫苗接种时间较长、人群免疫水平较低是某小学水痘暴发疫情发生的主要原因。建议提高接种率,适时接种第二剂水痘疫苗。
Objective To understand the nature and causes of the chickenpox epidemic in a primary school in Beijing and to provide a basis for effective prevention and control of the epidemic of chickenpox in primary school students. Methods Epidemiological survey was conducted to analyze the epidemiological data of 30 cases of chickenpox in a primary school in Beijing. Results A total of 30 students were affected by this epidemic, with an attack rate of 3.09%. There were immunization history in 86.67% cases, attack rate in immunization history was 2.89%, and no immune history was 9.09%. No history of immunization and immune history of ≥ 5a is the main population; vaccination time <5a preventive effect is obvious, ≥ 5a preventive effect gradually weakened. Conclusion The longer time of vaccination and the lower level of immunity in the population are the main reasons for the outbreak of chickenpox in a primary school. Proposed to increase the vaccination rate, timely vaccination of the second dose of varicella vaccine.