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目的探讨军用密闭舱室非金属材料燃烧释放的有毒烟雾对雄性大鼠心、肺、肝、肾损伤的特点。方法建立密闭舱室内动物烟雾吸入模型,将36只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组及烟雾吸入后1、6、24、72 h和7 d组,对照组动物于染毒箱内自由呼吸新鲜空气10 min,染毒组动物于染毒箱内连续吸入烟雾10 min,观察烟雾吸入后动物的中毒症状、血压、心率、血气、血清生化等指标。结果烟雾吸入后,动物立刻出现呼吸节律改变、呼吸困难等CO中毒表现;烟雾吸入后1 h大鼠心率显著下降(P<0.05),p CO2显著升高(P<0.05),p O2显著降低(P<0.05);烟雾吸入后1~72 h组动物谷丙转氨酶(ALT)均显著升高(P<0.05),其中6 h时达峰值(P<0.01);烟雾吸入后各组AST、LDH、α-HBDH、CK及CK-MB等心肌酶谱指标均持续升高,其中1 h组各指标与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论密闭舱室火灾烟雾吸入首先对大鼠的肺脏造成原发性损伤,心、肝、肾产生继发性的功能损害,且上述功能损害主要发生在烟雾吸入后“24 h”窗口期内,其后由于机体代偿可逐渐恢复至正常。
Objective To study the characteristics of heart, lung, liver and kidney damage in male rats exposed to toxic fumes released by combustion of non-metallic materials in airtight military compartments. Methods A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and 1, 6, 24, 72 and 7 d groups after smoke inhalation. Animals in control group The animals were exposed to fresh air for 10 min. The animals in the poisoning group were continuously inhaled for 10 minutes in the poisoning chamber to observe the poisoning symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, blood gas and serum biochemical indexes of the animals after smoke inhalation. Results After the inhalation of smoke, the animals showed respiratory rhythm changes and dyspnea. The heart rate of rats decreased significantly (P <0.05), pCO2 significantly increased (P <0.05) and pO2 decreased significantly (P <0.05). ALT was significantly increased at 1 ~ 72 h after smoke inhalation (P <0.05), and peaked at 6 h (P <0.01) LDH, α-HBDH, CK and CK-MB and other myocardial enzymes were continuously increased, among which the indexes in 1 h group were significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of aseptic cabin fire smoke primarily caused primary damage to the lungs of rats and secondary functional impairment of heart, liver and kidney. The functional impairment mainly occurred in the window of “24 h” after smoke inhalation , Then due to the body compensated gradually returned to normal.