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Objective:To evaluate lhe efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)in lhe adjuvant treatment of hepatocel- lular carcinoma(HCC)after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)by primary end points of lime to progress(TTP). Methods:The study population consisted of 73 consecutive patients with inoperable HCC (China Classification System IIA/IIB).Among them,22 patients were treated with TACE and PEI(experimental group),and the rest 51 were treated only with TACE(control group),and then the time to progress(TTP)and overall survival(OS)of these two gmups were analyzed.Re- sults:The median TTP was 10 months[95%confidence interval(Cl),7.9-12.1 months]in experimental group and 6 months (95%Cl,4.7-7.3 months)in control group.The 3-month,6-month,and 1-year Progression Free Survival(PFS)rates were respectively 77.3%.63.6%.and 48.1%in experimental group,and 76.5 %,42.15%,and 24.8%in control group.The TTP of experimental group was significantly longer than that of control group (P＜0.05).The median survival period was 17 months [95%confidence interval(Cl).11-23 months]of experimental group and 12 months(95%Cl,10-14 months)of control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Compared with single TACE,the combination of TACE and PEI can obviously postpone disease progress and prolong survival of HCC patients.