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1985年哈斯特取得地壳浅部应力状态的第一批资料之后,地应力探测技术获得了迅速的发展。到目前为止,已有20多个国家开展了地应力测量。测量方法有十余类,测量仪器近百种。由于该项技术的发展,一开始就受到钻探工程的限制,人们对地壳内的地应力测量一般均局限在浅层地表,大多为十几米至几百米;采用水压致裂方法之后,测量深度可达几千米。1977年海姆森(BC Haimson)在5.1km深的钻孔中采用水压致裂方法,成功地进行了应力测量。对于5km以下更深处的地应力测量,至今还是一个盲区。地应力测量从原理上可分直接测量与间接测量;从内容上可分绝对值测量和相对值测
After Hastert acquired the first data of the shallow crustal stress state in 1985, rapid development of geostress detection technology has been achieved. To date, stress measurement has been carried out in more than 20 countries. There are more than ten measurement methods, nearly 100 kinds of measuring instruments. Due to the development of the technology, drilling engineering was limited from the very beginning. The measurement of in-situ stress in the earth’s crust is generally confined to shallow surface, mostly ranging from tens to hundreds of meters. After adopting the hydraulic fracturing method, Depth of up to several kilometers. In 1977, BC Haimson used a hydraulic fracturing method in a 5.1 km deep borehole to successfully carry out stress measurements. Ground stress measurements deeper than 5 km are still a blind spot to date. In situ stress measurement can be divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement; from the content can be divided into absolute measurements and relative measurements