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目的:探讨单通道微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)与多通道MPCNL治疗对上尿路结石患者的影响。方法:选取2015年6月至2019年9月蒙阴县人民医院泌尿外科收治的230例上尿路结石的患者，男125例，女105例，年龄(41.20±0.32)岁，年龄范围为20～71岁，根据手术方式将患者分为单通道组(n n＝112)与多通道组(n n＝118)，观察并比较两组患者的治疗效果、围术期指标、肾功能及并发症。n 结果:两组患者的术中出血量及尿液转清时间比较，差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)。多通道组患者的手术时间及术后住院时间[(84.25±11.26)min、(13.68±2.27)d]均短于单通道组[(101.35±12.34)min、(16.44±3.21)d]，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。术前两组患者的各项指标比较，差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)。术后，单通道组与多通道组血肌酐[(126.37±21.07)μmol/L、(121.58±22.35)μmol/L]，尿素氮[(6.71±1.32)mmol/L、(6.44±1.38)mmol/L]，尿酸[(272.66±22.24)μmol/L、(268.25±24.14)μmol/L]，血红蛋白水平[(114.58±12.58)g/L、(112.16±11.05)g/L]均低于术前[(164.39±24.25)μmol/L、(166.05±23.27)μmol/L，(18.24±3.24)mmol/L、(18.39±3.35)mmol/L，(521.25±37.58)μmol/L、(526.35±36.57)μmol/L，(128.36±13.25)g/L、(127.68±14.35)g/L]，尿量[(1 354.36±54.58)ml/24 h、(1 387.88±53.69)ml/24 h]高于术前[(325.25±34.51)ml/24 h、(331.05±35.08)ml/24 h]，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05). The operation time and postoperative hospitalization time of the patients in the multichannel Group [(84.25±11.26) min, (13.68±2.27) d]were shorter than those in the single channel group [(101.35±12.34) min, (16.44±3.21) d], and the difference was statistically significant (n P0.05). The operation time and postoperative hospitalization time of the patients in the multichannel Group [(84.25 ± 11.26) min, (13.68 ± 2.27) d]were shorter than those in the single channel group [(101.35 ± 12.34) min, (16.44 ± 3.21) d], and the difference was statistically significant (n P0.05). There was no significant difference in the indexes between the two groups before surgery (n P>0.05).n Conclusion:Single channel MPCNL on the clear majority of urinary stones has good treatment effect, compared with single channel MPCNL, multi-channel MPCNL remove complexity, multiple calculus in the application effect is good, but the multi-channel MPCNL technical requirements of the patient′s body and the physician is higher, and the postoperative complications, more reasonable suggestions according to the specific patient clinical channel is established.