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目的:掌握广州市麻疹的流行病学特征以及麻疹监测系统的运行状况,探讨控制麻疹的策略和措施。方法:对广州市2004年麻疹的发病情况、麻疹疫苗的报告接种率和免疫成功率及人群的免疫水平进行综合分析。结果:广州市麻疹发病呈逐年下降的趋势,监测报告的完整性、及时性和病例调查资料的完整性均达到100%。本地病例以成人为主,外地病例以学龄前为主。全年无麻疹死亡病例报告。在本地342例麻疹病例中,完成全程免疫的91例,占26.61%;未全程免疫史的23例,占6.73%;无免疫史的55例,占16.81%;免疫史不详的165例,占48.25%。外地人口1427例麻疹病例中,完成全程免疫的60例,占4.20%;未全程免疫史的48例,占3.36%;无免疫史的408例,占28.59%;免疫史不详的877例,占61.45%。结论:必须加强对外来人口的管理,提高免疫接种的覆盖率和免疫接种质量,特别是加强外来人口聚集地的幼儿园和学校的麻疹监测及免疫接种工作。
Objective: To master the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Guangzhou and the status of the measles surveillance system, and to explore the strategies and measures for measles control. Methods: The incidence of measles in 2004 in Guangzhou City, measles vaccine reported inoculation rate and immune success rate and population immune level were analyzed. Results: The incidence of measles in Guangzhou showed a decreasing trend year by year. The integrity, timeliness and completeness of the surveillance data reached 100%. Local cases mainly in adults, mainly in preschool children. No measles deaths were reported throughout the year. Among 342 cases of local measles cases, 91 cases were immunized with complete immunity (26.61%), 23 cases without complete immunization history (6.73%), 55 cases without immunization history (16.81%), 165 cases with unknown history of immunization 48.25%. Out of the 1447 measles cases in the population, 60 cases completed the whole immunization (4.20%), 48 cases (3.36%) did not have full immunization history, 408 cases (28.59%) had no history of immunization, 877 cases with unknown history of immunization 61.45%. CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative to strengthen the management of migrants and improve the immunization coverage and immunization quality, especially to strengthen the monitoring and immunization of measles in kindergartens and schools where foreign populations are gathered.