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China’s first aircraft carrier， the Liaoning， leaves its homeport of Qingdao in Shandong Province on November 26 for a training and scientific observation mission in the South China Sea.
This is the first time the carrier has conducted a cross-sea training voyage since it entered service in September 2012.
The voyage will test the carrier’s equipment， according to Captain Zhang Zheng.
It was escorted by two destroyers， the Shenyang and Shijiazhuang， and two frigates， the Yantai and Weifang.
The South China Sea trial is a normal arrangement in the carrier’s scheduled training， according to naval sources.
The Liaoning is China’s only aircraft carrier in operation. It was refitted based on an unfinished Soviet-made carrier.
Lunar Exploration
On November 26， China unveiled plans to send Chang’e-3， its domestically developed lunar probe， to the Moon in early December. The probe gets its name from Chang’e， the mythological goddess from Chinese folklore who is said to live on the Moon with a rabbit.
Chang’e-3 comprises of a lander and moon rover Yutu （Jade Rabbit）. The lunar probe will land on the Moon in mid-December if everything goes according to plan， said Wu Zhijian， a spokesman for the State Administration of Science， Technology and Industry for National Defense.
The mission is China’s first exploration of an extraterrestrial object using a remote controlled probe， Wu added.
The tasks for Yutu include surveying the Moon’s geological structure and surface composition， and looking for natural resources， said Ouyang Ziyuan， chief scientist of China’s lunar satellite project. It can travel at a speed of up to 200 meters per hour.
The moon rover will land on Sinus Iridum， which means “Bay of Rainbows” in Latin， a name the flat plain of basaltic lava was given because of the rainbow-like semicircular ridge of mountains surrounding it. Yutu will be in operation there for around three months.
The Chang’e-3 mission is the second phase of China’s lunar program， which includes orbiting， landing and returning to Earth. It follows the success of the Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 missions in 2007 and 2010.
“More than 80 percent of technology used in the mission is new，”Wu noted.
Spending Rule
In the latest move under China’s antigraft campaign， central authorities issued a regulation to standardize fund management and ban Party and government extravagance on November 25. The regulation， which contains 65 items and 12 chapters， outlines the proper management of funds for various uses， including official travel， receptions， meetings， official vehicles and buildings.
It is meant to guide Party and government organizations in practicing frugality and rejecting extravagance， and is an important move in the spirit of the recentlyconcluded Third Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China Central Committee， according to a statement issued by the Party’s Central Committee and the State Council， China’s Cabinet.
The regulation emphasizes that public offices must first work out an annual budget before spending funds. Funds used before budgeting and overspending are strictly prohibited.
Insurance Profits
Gross revenue of China’s social insurance funds increased 22 percent year on year to 3.14 trillion yuan（$515 billion） last year， the Ministry of Finance revealed on November 27. Gross expenditure increased 27 percent from 2011 to reach 2.39 trillion yuan （$392 billion） in 2012， according to the ministry.
China’s social insurance funds cover basic endowment for senior citizens， basic medical care， unemployment， work-related injury and maternity.
Science Discover
Chinese scientists have observed hydrogen bonds through modified non-contact atomic force microscopy （AFM） for the first time in history， the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology （NCNST） announced on November 22.
Hydrogen bonds are fundamental to the most important molecules in nature. In particular， they are responsible for holding the two strands of the double helix that forms DNA together and many enzymes use them to catalyze reactions.
Although study of hydrogen bonds began in the 1850s， scientists had not been able to view them until now.
A group of scientists with the NCNST have worked on modifying equipment for five years so as to create the best AFM apparatus in the field， and their work has allowed scientists to accurately analyze the structure of hydrogen bonds and directly measure bond angles and lengths.
“As an analogy， we have seen people on the ground standing in line from space before， but now we see them hand in hand for the first time，” said Qiu Xiaohui， one of the group’s scientists， adding that the discovery has broad application prospects in the study of intermolecular interactions.
Qiu said that accurate measurement of hydrogen bonds not only helps researchers understand the bond interaction， but also has great significance in material science and pharmaceutical development. U.S.-based Science Magazine published the research results in essay form on November 1.
Pilot Licenses
The Civil Aviation Administration of China （CAAC） announced on November 26 that it will ease requirements for obtaining private pilot licenses （PPLs）， a move that should allow more Chinese citizens to fulfill their flying dreams.
The requirements for theory tests， practical tests as well as physical examinations will be loosened for those applying for a PPL， with previous standards being almost as high as those for acquiring commercial pilot licenses， according to a CAAC statement.
Under the new regulation， Chinese citizens aged 17 or above and with at least a junior high school education， will be eligible to apply for a PPL， which is only applicable for the flying of non-profit aircraft.
After they receive a certified report of their physical fitness， they will also have to go through 40 hours of theoretical studies and another 40 hours of flight training before they sit relevant tests. Passing the tests will win them a PPL， the statement said.
It added that those who have obtained a PPL can also become professional pilots by acquiring a commercial pilot license， but that will be based on their flying time as a private pilot and need higher levels of training.
The previous regulation concerning the acquisition of pilot licenses in China was released in 1996.
Oil Pipeline Explosion
Firefighters search for the missing people after a leaking pipeline caught fire and exploded on November 22 in Huangdao District ， Qingdao， a coastal city in east China’s Shandong Province.
As of November 27， the blasts had killed 55 people， injured 145 others and left nine missing.
At 3 a.m. on November 22， crude oil began leaking from an underground pipeline operated by Sinopec， the country’s largest oil refinery. The spill then flowed into the city’s rainwater pipe net- work. Explosions ripped through residential and commercial roads in Huangdao at around 10：30 a.m. on the day when workers were clearing the spill.
The blasts exposed severe problems caused by human error and involved “very serious dereliction of duty，” according to Yang Dongliang， Director of the State Administration of Work Safety and head of an investigation team for the accident.
Nine people had been put in police custody， including seven from Sinopec and two from Qingdao’s economic and technological development zone， said police investigating the accident on November 26. The rescue headquarters announced on November 27 that they will permanently shut down the explosion-hit oil pipeline. To Be Connected
A bridge across the Yangtze River in Tongling， Anhui Province， is in the final stage of construction on November 25. Two parts are expected to be connected on December 16.
The 1，290-meter bridge contains a six-lane highway and four railway routes.
Solar Duties
The European Union （EU） on November 28 imposed tariffs of up to 42.1 percent on solar glass imports from China.
Chinese manufacturers had been allegedly selling the product， which is used for producing solar panels， in the EU at prices below cost， thus causing “material injury”to EU producers， the European Commission said in its Official Journal.
The provisional levies， resulting from an anti-dumping investigation the commission launched in February， would range from 17.1 percent to 42.1 percent.
The decision came months after China and the EU solved solar panel trade disputes through “an amicable solution” in August.
The duties would be effective for six months， but would be prolonged for five years if the EU’s 28 member states make a final ruling by May 27 next year to do so.
E-commerce
China’s coastal areas lead the Greater China region in cross-border e-commerce retail， ranking highest in both transaction volume and growth rate， according to a report by global online retail giant eBay on November 27.
From June 2012 to June 2013， the southern coastal province of Guangdong overtook Hong Kong to rank first in the Greater China region in cross-border e-commerce retail sales volume， with east China’s Shanghai Municipality ranking third， data from the eBay report showed.
During the same period， exporters in the coastal provinces of Fujian， Zhejiang and Jiangsu recorded the fastest year-on-year growth in crossborder e-commerce sales via eBay platforms， with total sales surging 76.1 percent， 56.1 percent and 52.0 percent， respectively.
E-commerce business in central China’s Hubei， Hebei and Henan provinces has also been growing quickly.
For e-commerce retailers across the Greater China region， business targeting emerging markets， includ- ing Argentina， Israel and Brazil， has witnessed substantial growth.
Price Fixing
China’s leading price regulator will crack down on excessively high prices in six industries as it looks to further protect consumers， Shanghai Securities News reported on November 25. The industries include aviation， consumer goods， automobiles， telecommunications， pharmaceuticals and home appliances， said Lu Yanchun， an official with the National Development and Reform Commission （NDRC）， at a training course on anti-price monopoly laws and regulations in Guangzhou， capital of south China’s Guangdong Province.
Lu said China has established an anti-monopoly legal system which contains an Anti-Monopoly Law， Regulations on Anti-Price Monopoly and Procedural Regulations on Administrative Enforcement of AntiPrice Monopoly.
In January， the NDRC imposed heavy fines on overseas companies after years of investigations. It levied 353 million yuan （$57.5 million） in fines against six liquid crystal display （LCD） producers， including Samsung， LG and four Taiwanese firms， for their participation in a price fixing cartel agreement.
In August， the NDRC imposed fines totaling 670 million yuan（$109.95 million） against six baby formula companies operating on the Chinese mainland following an antitrust probe. The companies were Biostime， Mead Johnson， Dumex， Abbott， Friesland and Fonterra.
Investment Quota
China should increase the qualification and quota for Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors（QDIIs） and Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors （QFIIs） to help them with their activities， Zhou Xiaochuan， Governor of the People’s Bank of China， the country’s central bank， said on November 26.
Administrative approval procedures for QDII and QFII qualification and quota shall be eliminated “when conditions are ripe，” Zhou said at the third Sino-French Financial Forum.
In 2002， China launched its QFII scheme to allow licensed foreign investors to use offshore yuan for investing in the country’s capital market.
The QDII scheme was launched in 2006 to allow domestic funds to be invested abroad.
Overseas Subsidiary
The Commercial Aircraft Corp. of China （COMAC） on November 23 opened its first wholly owned overseas subsidiary in the U.S. city of Newport Beach， South California.
The COMAC America Corp. aims to further its relationship with local civil aviation authorities， aerospace companies and academic institutions， mainly in areas such as airworthiness certification， civil aircraft development and educational training， said Jin Zhuanglong， Chairman of COMAC.
Jin said that the COMAC has actively established collaboration with various enterprises and organizations from different countries.
“Up to now， we’ve formed strategic partnerships with altogether 16 renowned international aerospace enterprises as suppliers to our C919 aircraft， including GE （General Electric Co.）， UTC（United Technologies Corp.） and Honeywell，” he said.
“Various universities in the United States have provided training programs to COMAC， and we have collaborated with Boeing on energy saving programs，” Jin added.
Trash Becomes Treasure
A worker examines tissue boxes to be delivered to France in a workshop of Tianhemei Artware in Lin’an， Zhejiang Province.
The city has planted over 500，000 mu（33，333 hectares） of walnuts while Tianhemei Artware has collected waste walnut shells and turned them into delicate artworks， such as pen holders and tissue boxes.
This is the first time the carrier has conducted a cross-sea training voyage since it entered service in September 2012.
The voyage will test the carrier’s equipment， according to Captain Zhang Zheng.
It was escorted by two destroyers， the Shenyang and Shijiazhuang， and two frigates， the Yantai and Weifang.
The South China Sea trial is a normal arrangement in the carrier’s scheduled training， according to naval sources.
The Liaoning is China’s only aircraft carrier in operation. It was refitted based on an unfinished Soviet-made carrier.
Lunar Exploration
On November 26， China unveiled plans to send Chang’e-3， its domestically developed lunar probe， to the Moon in early December. The probe gets its name from Chang’e， the mythological goddess from Chinese folklore who is said to live on the Moon with a rabbit.
Chang’e-3 comprises of a lander and moon rover Yutu （Jade Rabbit）. The lunar probe will land on the Moon in mid-December if everything goes according to plan， said Wu Zhijian， a spokesman for the State Administration of Science， Technology and Industry for National Defense.
The mission is China’s first exploration of an extraterrestrial object using a remote controlled probe， Wu added.
The tasks for Yutu include surveying the Moon’s geological structure and surface composition， and looking for natural resources， said Ouyang Ziyuan， chief scientist of China’s lunar satellite project. It can travel at a speed of up to 200 meters per hour.
The moon rover will land on Sinus Iridum， which means “Bay of Rainbows” in Latin， a name the flat plain of basaltic lava was given because of the rainbow-like semicircular ridge of mountains surrounding it. Yutu will be in operation there for around three months.
The Chang’e-3 mission is the second phase of China’s lunar program， which includes orbiting， landing and returning to Earth. It follows the success of the Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 missions in 2007 and 2010.
“More than 80 percent of technology used in the mission is new，”Wu noted.
Spending Rule
In the latest move under China’s antigraft campaign， central authorities issued a regulation to standardize fund management and ban Party and government extravagance on November 25. The regulation， which contains 65 items and 12 chapters， outlines the proper management of funds for various uses， including official travel， receptions， meetings， official vehicles and buildings.
It is meant to guide Party and government organizations in practicing frugality and rejecting extravagance， and is an important move in the spirit of the recentlyconcluded Third Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China Central Committee， according to a statement issued by the Party’s Central Committee and the State Council， China’s Cabinet.
The regulation emphasizes that public offices must first work out an annual budget before spending funds. Funds used before budgeting and overspending are strictly prohibited.
Insurance Profits
Gross revenue of China’s social insurance funds increased 22 percent year on year to 3.14 trillion yuan（$515 billion） last year， the Ministry of Finance revealed on November 27. Gross expenditure increased 27 percent from 2011 to reach 2.39 trillion yuan （$392 billion） in 2012， according to the ministry.
China’s social insurance funds cover basic endowment for senior citizens， basic medical care， unemployment， work-related injury and maternity.
Science Discover
Chinese scientists have observed hydrogen bonds through modified non-contact atomic force microscopy （AFM） for the first time in history， the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology （NCNST） announced on November 22.
Hydrogen bonds are fundamental to the most important molecules in nature. In particular， they are responsible for holding the two strands of the double helix that forms DNA together and many enzymes use them to catalyze reactions.
Although study of hydrogen bonds began in the 1850s， scientists had not been able to view them until now.
A group of scientists with the NCNST have worked on modifying equipment for five years so as to create the best AFM apparatus in the field， and their work has allowed scientists to accurately analyze the structure of hydrogen bonds and directly measure bond angles and lengths.
“As an analogy， we have seen people on the ground standing in line from space before， but now we see them hand in hand for the first time，” said Qiu Xiaohui， one of the group’s scientists， adding that the discovery has broad application prospects in the study of intermolecular interactions.
Qiu said that accurate measurement of hydrogen bonds not only helps researchers understand the bond interaction， but also has great significance in material science and pharmaceutical development. U.S.-based Science Magazine published the research results in essay form on November 1.
Pilot Licenses
The Civil Aviation Administration of China （CAAC） announced on November 26 that it will ease requirements for obtaining private pilot licenses （PPLs）， a move that should allow more Chinese citizens to fulfill their flying dreams.
The requirements for theory tests， practical tests as well as physical examinations will be loosened for those applying for a PPL， with previous standards being almost as high as those for acquiring commercial pilot licenses， according to a CAAC statement.
Under the new regulation， Chinese citizens aged 17 or above and with at least a junior high school education， will be eligible to apply for a PPL， which is only applicable for the flying of non-profit aircraft.
After they receive a certified report of their physical fitness， they will also have to go through 40 hours of theoretical studies and another 40 hours of flight training before they sit relevant tests. Passing the tests will win them a PPL， the statement said.
It added that those who have obtained a PPL can also become professional pilots by acquiring a commercial pilot license， but that will be based on their flying time as a private pilot and need higher levels of training.
The previous regulation concerning the acquisition of pilot licenses in China was released in 1996.
Oil Pipeline Explosion
Firefighters search for the missing people after a leaking pipeline caught fire and exploded on November 22 in Huangdao District ， Qingdao， a coastal city in east China’s Shandong Province.
As of November 27， the blasts had killed 55 people， injured 145 others and left nine missing.
At 3 a.m. on November 22， crude oil began leaking from an underground pipeline operated by Sinopec， the country’s largest oil refinery. The spill then flowed into the city’s rainwater pipe net- work. Explosions ripped through residential and commercial roads in Huangdao at around 10：30 a.m. on the day when workers were clearing the spill.
The blasts exposed severe problems caused by human error and involved “very serious dereliction of duty，” according to Yang Dongliang， Director of the State Administration of Work Safety and head of an investigation team for the accident.
Nine people had been put in police custody， including seven from Sinopec and two from Qingdao’s economic and technological development zone， said police investigating the accident on November 26. The rescue headquarters announced on November 27 that they will permanently shut down the explosion-hit oil pipeline. To Be Connected
A bridge across the Yangtze River in Tongling， Anhui Province， is in the final stage of construction on November 25. Two parts are expected to be connected on December 16.
The 1，290-meter bridge contains a six-lane highway and four railway routes.
Solar Duties
The European Union （EU） on November 28 imposed tariffs of up to 42.1 percent on solar glass imports from China.
Chinese manufacturers had been allegedly selling the product， which is used for producing solar panels， in the EU at prices below cost， thus causing “material injury”to EU producers， the European Commission said in its Official Journal.
The provisional levies， resulting from an anti-dumping investigation the commission launched in February， would range from 17.1 percent to 42.1 percent.
The decision came months after China and the EU solved solar panel trade disputes through “an amicable solution” in August.
The duties would be effective for six months， but would be prolonged for five years if the EU’s 28 member states make a final ruling by May 27 next year to do so.
E-commerce
China’s coastal areas lead the Greater China region in cross-border e-commerce retail， ranking highest in both transaction volume and growth rate， according to a report by global online retail giant eBay on November 27.
From June 2012 to June 2013， the southern coastal province of Guangdong overtook Hong Kong to rank first in the Greater China region in cross-border e-commerce retail sales volume， with east China’s Shanghai Municipality ranking third， data from the eBay report showed.
During the same period， exporters in the coastal provinces of Fujian， Zhejiang and Jiangsu recorded the fastest year-on-year growth in crossborder e-commerce sales via eBay platforms， with total sales surging 76.1 percent， 56.1 percent and 52.0 percent， respectively.
E-commerce business in central China’s Hubei， Hebei and Henan provinces has also been growing quickly.
For e-commerce retailers across the Greater China region， business targeting emerging markets， includ- ing Argentina， Israel and Brazil， has witnessed substantial growth.
Price Fixing
China’s leading price regulator will crack down on excessively high prices in six industries as it looks to further protect consumers， Shanghai Securities News reported on November 25. The industries include aviation， consumer goods， automobiles， telecommunications， pharmaceuticals and home appliances， said Lu Yanchun， an official with the National Development and Reform Commission （NDRC）， at a training course on anti-price monopoly laws and regulations in Guangzhou， capital of south China’s Guangdong Province.
Lu said China has established an anti-monopoly legal system which contains an Anti-Monopoly Law， Regulations on Anti-Price Monopoly and Procedural Regulations on Administrative Enforcement of AntiPrice Monopoly.
In January， the NDRC imposed heavy fines on overseas companies after years of investigations. It levied 353 million yuan （$57.5 million） in fines against six liquid crystal display （LCD） producers， including Samsung， LG and four Taiwanese firms， for their participation in a price fixing cartel agreement.
In August， the NDRC imposed fines totaling 670 million yuan（$109.95 million） against six baby formula companies operating on the Chinese mainland following an antitrust probe. The companies were Biostime， Mead Johnson， Dumex， Abbott， Friesland and Fonterra.
Investment Quota
China should increase the qualification and quota for Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors（QDIIs） and Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors （QFIIs） to help them with their activities， Zhou Xiaochuan， Governor of the People’s Bank of China， the country’s central bank， said on November 26.
Administrative approval procedures for QDII and QFII qualification and quota shall be eliminated “when conditions are ripe，” Zhou said at the third Sino-French Financial Forum.
In 2002， China launched its QFII scheme to allow licensed foreign investors to use offshore yuan for investing in the country’s capital market.
The QDII scheme was launched in 2006 to allow domestic funds to be invested abroad.
Overseas Subsidiary
The Commercial Aircraft Corp. of China （COMAC） on November 23 opened its first wholly owned overseas subsidiary in the U.S. city of Newport Beach， South California.
The COMAC America Corp. aims to further its relationship with local civil aviation authorities， aerospace companies and academic institutions， mainly in areas such as airworthiness certification， civil aircraft development and educational training， said Jin Zhuanglong， Chairman of COMAC.
Jin said that the COMAC has actively established collaboration with various enterprises and organizations from different countries.
“Up to now， we’ve formed strategic partnerships with altogether 16 renowned international aerospace enterprises as suppliers to our C919 aircraft， including GE （General Electric Co.）， UTC（United Technologies Corp.） and Honeywell，” he said.
“Various universities in the United States have provided training programs to COMAC， and we have collaborated with Boeing on energy saving programs，” Jin added.
Trash Becomes Treasure
A worker examines tissue boxes to be delivered to France in a workshop of Tianhemei Artware in Lin’an， Zhejiang Province.
The city has planted over 500，000 mu（33，333 hectares） of walnuts while Tianhemei Artware has collected waste walnut shells and turned them into delicate artworks， such as pen holders and tissue boxes.