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目的了解北京市怀柔区养禽人员禽流感暴露情况,为制定该人群禽流感防控措施提供依据。方法通过多阶段典型整群抽样方法抽取怀柔区800名从事禽类养殖人员(包括大型养禽场从业者,个体和家庭养禽者)进行暴露情况问卷调查。结果共调查794人,其中大型禽类养殖场人员84人(10.58%),个体和家庭养禽人员710人(89.42%)。主要暴露方式是喂养(97.86%)、清扫禽舍(86.02%);接触禽频率>20 d/月的人员所占的比例为82.62%,累计暴露时间>4 a的人员所占的比例为73.68%。相比个体和家庭,大型养禽场禽的疫苗接种率(95.24%)更高(χ2=10.41,P<0.01),而人的流感疫苗接种率(31.27%)更低(χ2=25.92,P<0.01)。大型养禽场接触病死禽时防护采取率高于个体和家庭养殖者(P<0.05)。结论怀柔区禽养殖人群存在禽流感疫苗接种率低、接触禽频率高,部分人员接触病死禽时尚未采取防护等问题。相关健康教育和管理措施的全面性、系统性、可及性、针对性都亟待增强。
Objective To understand the avian flu exposure of poultry workers in Huairou District of Beijing and provide evidence for the prevention and control of bird flu in this population. Methods A questionnaire survey on the exposure of 800 poultry farmers (including practitioners in large poultry farms, individuals and domestic poultry farmers) in Huairou District was conducted by multistage cluster sampling. Results A total of 794 people were investigated, of whom 84 were large-scale poultry farms (10.58%) and 710 were individuals and family members (89.42%). The main exposure methods were feeding (97.86%), cleaning of poultry houses (86.02%), occupying 82.62% of the people exposed to birds with the frequency of> 20 d / month and 73.68% of the total exposure time> 4 years %. Vaccination rates in large poultry farms (95.24%) were higher (χ2 = 10.41, P <0.01) and were lower in humans (31.27%) than in individuals and households (χ2 = 25.92, P <0.01). The protective rate of the large poultry farms when they were exposed to dead poultry was higher than that of the individuals and domestic farmers (P <0.05). Conclusions There are some problems such as the low vaccination rate of bird flu, the high frequency of contact with birds and the protection of some people when they contact with dead poultry. Relevant health education and management measures comprehensive, systematic, accessible, targeted needs to be strengthened.