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高考词汇
sound vi. 听起来
bother vt. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦
approach vt. 接近
starve vi. 饿死
park vt. 停车
exchange vt. 交换
afford vt. 买得起；有能力支付
survive vi. 死里逃生；大难不死
hometown n. 家乡
tourist n. 旅游者
rent n. 租金
district n. 地域；区域；行政区
harbour n. 海港
gallery n. 美术馆；画廊
traffic n. 交通
organisation n. 组织
occupation n. 职业
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的
fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的
local adj. 地方的；局部的
pretty adv. 很；相当
常用短语
put up 修建；张贴
so far/up to now/till now 到目前为止
get away from 摆脱
a great many 许多；大量
a number of 许多；大量
go up 上升；上涨
make it 做成某事
表外词汇
contact vt. 联络；联系（某人）
survey n. 调查
neighborhood n. 四邻；街坊
suburb n. 城郊；郊区
nuisance n. 令人讨厌的；人或事
architecture n. 建筑
committee n. 委员会
household n. 家属；家人
employment n. 就业；工作；职业
fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
unemployed adj. 失业的；没有工作的
gorgeous adj. 美丽的；宜人的
professional adj. 专业的
manual adj. 用手的；手的
过渡词汇
fight vt. 与……打仗
vi. 打仗；搏斗；对抗
n. 打架；战斗；打仗
1. 现在完成时；
I’ve seen quite a lot of China...
They’ve just completed it.
I’ve worked for it for four years now.
They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.
It has been six years since we last saw each other， you know.
We’ve had very good weather this winter so far/till now/up to now.
2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
词汇短语园地
1. sound vi. 听起来
n. 声音；声响
sound可作连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面接形容词或分词作表语，不能接副词。
What he said sounds reasonable.
他说的听起来是有道理的。
She didn’t sound surprised when I told her the news.
我把消息告诉她时，她好像并不感到惊讶。
比较：sound， voice和noise的区别
1. sound做名词表“声音；响声”，统指人所听到的任何声音。a sound是“一种声音”，sounds是“多种”声音。
We heard sounds of laughter from the next room.
我们听到隔壁房间传来阵阵笑声。
2. voice特指人发出的声音，指嗓音、说话声、歌唱声。
She has a loud/high/charming voice.
她的嗓音很大/很高/很悦耳。
3. noise指音量大而难听的声音。
Stop making so much noise！
别吵了！
2. pretty adv. 相当；很；非常
pretty 可以作副词，也可以作形容词。
（1） 副词用法：pretty good相当好；pretty soon很快；pretty easy相当容易。
I’m pretty sure I’ll be going.
我相当肯定我会去的。
It’s pretty hard to explain.
这事很难解释清楚。
（2） 形容词表“漂亮的；可爱的”，一般用于女子或小孩。 The pretty girl is very shy and always hides behind her mother.
这个漂亮的女孩很害羞，总是藏在她妈妈的后面。
You look so pretty in that dress.
你穿那条连衣裙真漂亮。
3. bother vt. & vi. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦
（1） bother with/about sth 花费精力、时间（做某事）
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella—the car is just outside.
不必打伞，汽车就在外面。
（2） bother sb about/with sth 使（某人）烦恼；给（某人）造成麻烦
I’m sorry that I have to bother you with this problem.
对不起，我不得不用这个问题来麻烦你了。
（3） bother to do sth 烦心 / 费事做某事
He didn’t even bother to say thank you.
他甚至没有说声谢谢。
（4） 在口语中，Don’t bother主要用于谢绝对方主动提出的善意帮助，意为“不用费心、不用麻烦”。
— Shall I help you with the washing up？
要不要我帮你洗碗？
— Don’t bother. I’ll do it later.
不必麻烦了，我等一会再洗。
4. approach vt. 接近
It is not allowed to approach the forbidden area.
这里是禁区，不许接近。
As you approach the town， you’ll see the college on the left.
快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。
5. afford vt. 买得起；有能力支付
afford直接跟名词或动词不定式作宾语，常和情态动词can或be able to连用。
He can afford the apartment.
他能买得起这套住房。
We weren’t able to afford to buy such an expensive car at that time.
我们那时买不起这么昂贵的汽车。
6. exchange vt. 交换
（1） exchange sth （with sb） （与某人）交换某物
Juliet and David exchanged glances.
朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。
I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。
（2） exchange A for B 用A去换B
You can exchange your current for dollars in the hotel.
你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。
May I exchange this for something？
我可以把这个换别的东西吗？
exchangeable adj.可交换的；可交易的；可兑换的
7. fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的
（1） be fortunate in 在……方面很幸运
He is fortunate in having such nice friends.
他真幸运，有这样好的朋友。
（2） be fortunate to do sth 做某事很幸运
You are very fortunate to have such a pleasant house.
你真幸运，有这么好的房子。
（3） fortunate （for sb） that （对某人）幸运的是……
It’s very fortunate that we have Emma here.
真幸运，爱玛和我们在一起。
fortune n. 财富；运气
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
8. attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的
...be attractive to sb ……对某人有吸引力
Her beauty is very attractive to him.
她的美貌对他很有吸引力。
Mr Li is becoming attractive to her.
李先生变得对她具有吸引力了。
attract v. 吸引；使喜爱；引起……好感
attraction n. 吸引（力）；有吸引力的人或物
9. survive vi. & vt. 死里逃生；大难不死；艰难度过
Of the six people injured in the plane crash， only two survived. 在飞机坠毁中受伤的六个人中，只有两个人活了下来。
（1） survive from sth 从……幸存下来
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇异的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
（2） survive on 靠……活下来；靠……生活
I can’t survive on ￡40 a week.
一个星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
（3） survive as 作为……生存下去
He survived as party leader until his second election defeat.
直至第二次参选失败他才不再担任党的领导人。
10. contact vt. & n. 联络；联系某人
（1） contact sb 联络、联系某人
If you are free， please contact me.
如果你有空，请联系我。
Contact the police immediately.
立刻与警方联络。
（2） be in contact with 和……有联系
Have you been in contact with your sister recently？
最近你和你的姐姐有联系吗？
（3） be out of contact with 和……没有联系
I have been out of contact with her for three years.
我和她失去联系已有三年。
（4） lose contact with 与……失去联络
In the World War II， too many friends lost contact with each other.
在第二次世界大战中，许多朋友失去了联系。
（5） stay/keep in contact with 与……保持联系
Though they haven’t seen each other for a long time， they still stay in contact with each other on the Internet.
尽管已很长时间没见面了，他们仍在网上保持联系。
（6） make contac with 与……取得联系
They made contact with headquarters by radio.
他们用无线电跟总部取得了联系。
（7） come into contact with 与……接触；碰见
There I came into contact with some artists.
在那儿我接触了一些艺术家。
11. a number of 许多；大量
a number of，the number of，numbers of 均修饰可数名词，区别如下：
（1） a number of 许多；大量（谓语动词用复数）
A number of students have read this book.
很多学生都读了这本书。
（2） the number of ……的数目（谓语动词用单数）
The number of giant pandas is growing.
大熊猫的数量在增加。
（3） numbers of 很多（谓语动词用复数）
Huge numbers of birds have flocked together by the lake.
成群的鸟聚集在湖畔。
12. a great many 许多；大量
a great many修饰可数名词复数（谓语动词用复数）
The young couple has traveled a great many cities since they got married.
这对年轻夫妇自从结婚后已经旅行了很多城市。
A great many students were sent to the West to help the children there.
大量学生被派往西部帮助那里的孩子。
比较：a great many和a great many of的区别
（1） a great many后直接修饰名词，名词可以有修饰语。
a great many students/a great many young students
（2） a great many of后主要接：
①代词：a great many of them
②受冠词修饰的名词：a great many of the students
③受these， those修饰的名词：a great many of these students
④受物主代词修饰的名词：a great many of my students
⑤受所有格修饰的名词：a great many of Tom’s students 13. put up 修建；建立；树立
put up a building/fence/memorial/tent
盖楼房 / 架篱笆 / 修纪念碑 / 搭帐篷
（1） 怂恿；唆使
I can’t believe he’d do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some of the older boys.
我不相信他会主动干那种事，一定是有些年龄大的男孩子叫他干的。
（2） 提升；使升高
She put her hair up.
她把头发挽在头上。
（3） 提高；增加
My landlord is threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week.
我的房东要挟说要把每周租金提高10英镑。
（4） 留某人住在家中
We can put you up for the night.
我们可以招待你过夜。
（5）（在战斗、竞赛中）显示；表现
They surrendered without putting up much of a fight.
他们没怎么抵抗就投降了。
（6） 推荐；提名
The Green Party hopes to put up a number of candidates in the General Election.
绿党希望提出若干候选人参加大选。
（7） 张贴；置……于明显位置
put up a notice/a poster 张贴通知 / 海报
跟踪导练（一）
阅读理解
Below is a discussion on a website.
1. Who would miss the family most？
A. Jaime. B. Jayne.
C. Miko. D. Paola.
2. Who would feel most uncomfortable without the news media？
A. Steve. B. Jaime.
C. Roger. D. Tomas.
3. Who would miss mobile phone least？
A. Paola. B. Tomas.
C. Miko. D. Steve.
4. How many of the seven persons would miss food or drink？
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
选词填空
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Sorry to ____ you， but there is a call for you.
2. I was ____ enough to visit many parts of the world.
3. I kept trying to ____ the waiter’s attention.
4. My mother was ____ tired after work.
5. Many ____ from all over the world visited the Great Wall.
6. Some of these ____ were done completely by guess and by God.
7. The soprano’s voice ____ clear and sweet.
8. The shop is in a one-way street， which make it very difficult for ____ .
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. Tim is one of the best student in my class. ___
2. Sophie is a six-years-old girl， but she can play
the piano very well. ___
3. The job sounds really excited to me. I’ll take it. ___
4. Don’t bother get dinner for me today； I’ll eat out. ___
句子翻译
1. 这个游戏相当不错，我和我的同学都喜欢玩。
2. 你的主意听起来很糟糕。我不会同意。
3. 美国位于加拿大南部。海南省位于中国南部。
4. 这是我第一次来到这个美丽的城市。
单项选择
1. The traffic accident ___ a large crowd.
A. moved B. covered
C. called D. attracted 2. They ___ a tent by the fire.
A. put up B. put off
C. put out D. put on
3. ___ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Chinese ten young strong B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Young strong ten Chinese D. Ten strong young Chinese
4. He has ___ money to buy food， so he will go hungry soon.
A. many B. few
C. more D. little
5. He’s ___ sure that I can get a good job there.
A. hardly B. enough
C. pretty D. too
6. The supermarket is not far from here. It is only a ___ .
A. ten-minute walk B. ten-minute’s walk
C. ten minutes walk D. ten-minutes walk
7. Don’t bother your father ___ it now； he is very tired.
A. with B. by
C. at D. to
8. ___ the houses were built after the earthquake.
A. A great deal B. A great many of
C. A great deal of D. A great many
跟踪导练（二）
选词填空
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Teaching is my ____ . I learn a lot from teaching.
2. The weather here is so ____ that I want to go out.
3. Do you mind if I give you some ____ advice？
4. The whole ____ get up early and have breakfast together.
5. ____ is very heavy.I will be late for the meeting.
6. The passengers landed as soon as the ship reached the ____ .
7. In the old days， dragon boat races were ____ only by Chinese people.
8. The workshop has shut down and the workers are ____ .
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. I have stayed at my aunt’s since two weeks. ___
2. John has broken his left leg. His mother is worried him. ___
3. It was 3 years since my father gave up smoking. ___
4. There is a heart breaking news report about starve children. ___
句子翻译
1. 你看过玛丽的照片了吗？多漂亮的女孩啊！
2. 我还没有完成作业，因此我妈妈不会让我出去。
3. 他目前失业，而且他失业已经有五个多月了。
4. 我从早饭起就没有吃东西。饿死我了！
单项选择
1. Zhao Lan ___ in this school for two years so far.
A. studied B. studies
C. has studied D. was studying
2. We ___ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know B. had known
C. have known D. knew
3. ___ of the teachers in our school ___ about one hundred.
A. The number； is B. A number； is
C. A number； are D. The number； are
4. — How long have you studied in Chengdu？
— ___ I came to China.
A. After B. As C. Since D. When
5. She ___ from Paris yet.
A. hasn’t returned B. didn’t return
C. doesn’t return D. hadn’t returned
6. The time is ___ . We must be on board.
A. approaching B. arriving
C. closing D. getting
7. I won’t go to the concert because I ___ my ticket.
A. lost B. lose
C. have lost D. had lost
8. Tom ___ a letter to his parents last night.
A. written B. was writing
C. wrote D. has written
完形填空
I spent two months with an American family last year when I studied in America. It is said， “The best house is in the USA， the best wife is in Japan， and the best food is in China.” So I took 1 and pleasure to cook “the best food” for my American family.
Each day， regardless of my poor skill of cooking， I performed （表演） my play in a 2 way： change the dishes’ color， the meat’s type or the soup’s style. Thus， my American friends could discover the 3 of eating Chinese food. Because of my 4 job， I was often rewarded （奖励） by their expressions of appreciation such as “very tasty”， “excellent”， etc.
But the joke was here. Yesterday， I cooked Sichuan style 5 for dinner. I was pleased at my achievement. When all the family members arrived at the table， they first looked 6 at the fish， then looked at me. “Why do all the fish have their heads？” they asked. “It’s 7 ！”
Another 8 thing is： the American friends often said to me “Help yourself ” as they brought home fruits or other things. According to Chinese tradition， I would simply smile in answer to their kindness 9 actually helping myself to any of the food. In return， I said “Help yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits. Dear me， no matter how much or how often I brought home food， as long as it was nice to their taste， they 10 hesitated （犹豫） to use their hands to “Help themselves” until all was finished.
1. A. worry B. attention C. proud D. pride
2. A. similar B. new C. scientific D. simple
3. A. way B. joy C. secret D. importance
4. A. hard B. amusing C. professional D. attractive
5. A. meat B. fish C. soup D. egg
6. A. disappointedly B. excitedly C. surprisedly D. patiently
7. A. brilliant B. amazing C. harmful D. horrible
8. A. embarrasing B. strange C. interesting D. fascinating
9. A. for B. than C. without D. with
10. A. usually B. seldom C. never D. always
跟踪导练（三）
选词填空 从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Hong Kong Special ____ is part of China.
2. When will dinner be ready？ We are ____ .
3. I’ve got to pay my ____ this morning.
4. I often ____ stamps with him.
5. As I ____ the woods， a rabbit ran out of the trees.
6. Some kinds of ____ labour have been replaced by machines.
7. The headmistress found her a great help and not a great ____ .
8. Can you hear someone calling in the ____ ？
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. I have bought this watch for ten years. ___
2. How long have you borrowed the book written by Lu Xun？ ___
3. Have you ever gone to any English-speaking countries？ ___
4. He has come back for a week and he lives in Beijing. ___
句子翻译
1. 自从2006年以来，他一直住在这儿。
2. 我迄今在部队已经待了五年多了。
3. 到目前为止，他离家两个多星期了。
4. 会议已经结束半个小时了。
单项选择
1. — Where ___ John ___ ？
— To the library. He ___ there for an hour.
A. has； been； has gone B. has； gone； has been
C. did； go； went D. did； be； went
2. Tom ___ the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed
C. has bought D. has had
3. I am afraid your car is ___ . I can’t get through.
A. in one way B. in some ways
C. in a way D. in the way
4. — Do you know Yao Ming very well？
— Of course！ I ___ a lot of news about him on TV so far.
A. read B. had read
C. have read D. reads
5. We are living in an age ___ many things are done on the computer.
A. which B. when
C. where D. that
6. She ___ Charles for a year.
A. has been married to B. has got married to
C. married D. has married to
7. I like these English songs and they ___ many times on the Internet.
A. taught B. have been taught
C. are taught D. have taught
8. — I like blue ___ pink.
— I don’t like blue ___ pink， ___ I like white.
A. and； and； but B. and； or； but
C. or； or； and D. or； and； and
阅读表达（阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。）
Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea， two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia.
The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city’s money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city， with ships， railways， clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings， coloured roofs， and narrow streets. The modern part has long， wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the centre of the city was built in the 13th century.
The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela （委内瑞拉） named Valencia.
1. Where do the main income of the city of Valencia come from？ （1 word）
2. How is the old part of Valencia？ （Within 9 words）
3. What is Valencia famous for？ （Within 4 words）
4. When did Valencia become the most important city in Spain？ （Within 4 words）
5. How many places have the name Valencia？ （Within 2 words）
跟踪导练（四）
阅读理解
Dear Tom，
I’m writing this letter slowly because I know you can’t read fast. We don’t live where we did when you left home. Your dad read in the newspaper that most accidents happened within 20 miles from your home， so we moved.
I won’t be able to send you the address because the last family that lived here took the house numbers when they moved so that they wouldn’t have to change their address. This place is really nice. It even has a washing machine. I’m not sure it works so well though： last week I put a load in and pulled the chain （拉链） and haven’t seen them since. The weather isn’t bad here. It only rained twice last week； the first time for three days and the second time for four days. About that coat you wanted me to send you， your uncle Stanley said it would be too heavy to send in the mail with the buttons on so we cut them off and put them in the pockets.
John locked his keys in the car yesterday. We were really worried because it took him two hours to get me and your father out. Your sister had a baby this morning， but I haven’t found out what it is yet. The baby looks just like your brother.
Three of your friends went off a bridge in a pick-up trunk. Ralph was driving. He rolled down the window and swam to safety. Your other two friends were in back. They drowned because they couldn’t get the tail gate down.
There isn’t much more news at this time. Nothing much has happened.
Love， Mom
P.S. I was going to send you some money but the envelope was already sealed.
1. Why did the family move to the new place？
A. To avoid possible danger. B. To get close to their friends.
C. To live in a newly-built house.
D. To enjoy the good weather of the new place.
2. What happened to Tom’s friends？
A. They missed Tom much.
B. They were friendly to the family.
C. Two of them died in a traffic accident.
D. Three of them left the hometown like Tom.
3. Who is the writer of this letter？
A. Tom’s mother. B. Tom’s brother.
C. Tom’s sister. D. Tom’s friend.
4. What can we learn from the passage？
A. The baby is a boy.
B. The number of the family is four.
C. The son will receive a coat without buttons on it.
D. The son couldn’t send letter because the address was taken.
选词填空
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. She ____ me as soon as she arrived.
2. John has been out of ____ for three months.
3. This is a（n） ____ city full of ancient buildings.
4. He is poor， so he can’t ____ to buy a new bike.
5. Her parents died in the accident， but she ____ .
6. The ____ people are always very friendly towards tourists.
7. I won’t let either of you guys get in a（n） ____ .
8. He was sorry to have ____ the pretty girl.
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. Quite a lot of children in Africa cannot afford go to school. ___
2. They were given food and clothes in exchange with work. ___
3. I rang the bell three times， but no one answered to it. ___
4. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice before he came to Yunnan. ___
句子翻译
1. 许多人参加了赛跑，但只有一些人坚持跑到底。
2. 房价已经上涨。我们买不起这套如此昂贵的房子。
3. 我们在乡村买了一所小房子以躲避喧闹的城市。
4. 你最近和她联系了吗？我有五个月没收到她的来信了。
单项选择
1. They walked home because they couldn’t ___ a taxi.
A. afford B. support
C. pay D. cost
2. You can take anything from the shelf and read， but please ___ the books when you’ve finished with them.
A. put up B. put back
C. put on D. put off
3. — Can I help you， sir？
— I’d like to exchange this shirt ___ a larger size.
A. for B. with
C. of D. to
4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ___ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.
A. attracted B. had attracted
C. has attracted D. will attract
5. — Did you see a red car ___ in front of our shop？
— Red one？ It left just a moment ago.
A. parked B. parking C. park D. to park
6. Byrd and his men ___ able to take a great many photographs of the mountains.
A. were B. was
C. has D. has been
7. The price ___ ， but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went up B. was going up
C. has gone up D. will go up
8. Judy will help the student she ___ in England last year.
A. was meeting B. met
C. has met D. had meet
Nobel Prize
诺贝尔奖
Nobel， born on October 21， 1833 in Stockholm， invented the nitroglycerine high explosive in 1867. He was successively engaged in the detonation technology and the synthesis material research in Sweden， Germany， France， England and Italy.He obtained 355 invention patents in his life， winning a very big property. Nobel died in Italy on December 10， 1896.
According to Nobel’s will， part of his inheritance， altogether $9，200，000， were put in bank as a fund， with interest every year （approximately $200，000） for the people making prominent contribution to physics， chemistry， biology， medicine， literature as well as cause of peace. In 1968， the economy prize was set up.
Every year on December 10 Nobel prizes were issued. According to the convention， physics， chemistry and the economy prizes are issued by Sweden Imperial Academy of science. The biology prize and the medicine prize were issued by the Rollin medicine surgery research institute in Stockholm. The literature prize is issued by the Sweden Literary Academy. The peace prize is issued by Norwegian Parliament. Each awarding unit is equipped with a Nobel committee which is made up of five people responsible for evaluation. Nobel’s candidates were recommended by the academies of science， universities and the previous prize-winner around the world. The Nobel prize consists of a gold medal， a certification and a bonus.
诺贝尔于1833年10月21日生于斯德哥尔摩，1867年发明硝化甘油烈性炸药。他先后在瑞典、德国、法国、英国和意大利从事爆炸技术和合成物质研究，一生共获得355项发明专利，赢得了一笔很大的财产。1896年12月10日，诺贝尔病卒于意大利。
根据诺贝尔的遗嘱，他将遗产的一部分，共920万美元，作为基金存入银行，用每年的利息（约20万美元）奖励给对物理、化学、生物学或医学、文学以及在和平事业方面对人类有突出贡献的人。1968年，诺贝尔奖又增设了经济学奖。
每年12月10日颁发诺贝尔奖。按惯例，物理、化学和经济学三种奖项由瑞典皇家科学院颁发；生物学或医学奖由斯德哥尔摩加罗林医学外科学研究院颁发；文学奖由瑞典文学院颁发；和平奖由挪威议会颁发。每个授奖单位设有一个由五人组成的诺贝尔委员会，负责评选工作。诺贝尔奖的候选对象，由世界各国的科学院、大学和前获奖者推荐。诺贝尔奖包括一枚金质奖章、一张奖状和一笔奖金。
sound vi. 听起来
bother vt. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦
approach vt. 接近
starve vi. 饿死
park vt. 停车
exchange vt. 交换
afford vt. 买得起；有能力支付
survive vi. 死里逃生；大难不死
hometown n. 家乡
tourist n. 旅游者
rent n. 租金
district n. 地域；区域；行政区
harbour n. 海港
gallery n. 美术馆；画廊
traffic n. 交通
organisation n. 组织
occupation n. 职业
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的
fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的
local adj. 地方的；局部的
pretty adv. 很；相当
常用短语
put up 修建；张贴
so far/up to now/till now 到目前为止
get away from 摆脱
a great many 许多；大量
a number of 许多；大量
go up 上升；上涨
make it 做成某事
表外词汇
contact vt. 联络；联系（某人）
survey n. 调查
neighborhood n. 四邻；街坊
suburb n. 城郊；郊区
nuisance n. 令人讨厌的；人或事
architecture n. 建筑
committee n. 委员会
household n. 家属；家人
employment n. 就业；工作；职业
fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
unemployed adj. 失业的；没有工作的
gorgeous adj. 美丽的；宜人的
professional adj. 专业的
manual adj. 用手的；手的
过渡词汇
fight vt. 与……打仗
vi. 打仗；搏斗；对抗
n. 打架；战斗；打仗
1. 现在完成时；
I’ve seen quite a lot of China...
They’ve just completed it.
I’ve worked for it for four years now.
They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.
It has been six years since we last saw each other， you know.
We’ve had very good weather this winter so far/till now/up to now.
2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
词汇短语园地
1. sound vi. 听起来
n. 声音；声响
sound可作连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面接形容词或分词作表语，不能接副词。
What he said sounds reasonable.
他说的听起来是有道理的。
She didn’t sound surprised when I told her the news.
我把消息告诉她时，她好像并不感到惊讶。
比较：sound， voice和noise的区别
1. sound做名词表“声音；响声”，统指人所听到的任何声音。a sound是“一种声音”，sounds是“多种”声音。
We heard sounds of laughter from the next room.
我们听到隔壁房间传来阵阵笑声。
2. voice特指人发出的声音，指嗓音、说话声、歌唱声。
She has a loud/high/charming voice.
她的嗓音很大/很高/很悦耳。
3. noise指音量大而难听的声音。
Stop making so much noise！
别吵了！
2. pretty adv. 相当；很；非常
pretty 可以作副词，也可以作形容词。
（1） 副词用法：pretty good相当好；pretty soon很快；pretty easy相当容易。
I’m pretty sure I’ll be going.
我相当肯定我会去的。
It’s pretty hard to explain.
这事很难解释清楚。
（2） 形容词表“漂亮的；可爱的”，一般用于女子或小孩。 The pretty girl is very shy and always hides behind her mother.
这个漂亮的女孩很害羞，总是藏在她妈妈的后面。
You look so pretty in that dress.
你穿那条连衣裙真漂亮。
3. bother vt. & vi. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦
（1） bother with/about sth 花费精力、时间（做某事）
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella—the car is just outside.
不必打伞，汽车就在外面。
（2） bother sb about/with sth 使（某人）烦恼；给（某人）造成麻烦
I’m sorry that I have to bother you with this problem.
对不起，我不得不用这个问题来麻烦你了。
（3） bother to do sth 烦心 / 费事做某事
He didn’t even bother to say thank you.
他甚至没有说声谢谢。
（4） 在口语中，Don’t bother主要用于谢绝对方主动提出的善意帮助，意为“不用费心、不用麻烦”。
— Shall I help you with the washing up？
要不要我帮你洗碗？
— Don’t bother. I’ll do it later.
不必麻烦了，我等一会再洗。
4. approach vt. 接近
It is not allowed to approach the forbidden area.
这里是禁区，不许接近。
As you approach the town， you’ll see the college on the left.
快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。
5. afford vt. 买得起；有能力支付
afford直接跟名词或动词不定式作宾语，常和情态动词can或be able to连用。
He can afford the apartment.
他能买得起这套住房。
We weren’t able to afford to buy such an expensive car at that time.
我们那时买不起这么昂贵的汽车。
6. exchange vt. 交换
（1） exchange sth （with sb） （与某人）交换某物
Juliet and David exchanged glances.
朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。
I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。
（2） exchange A for B 用A去换B
You can exchange your current for dollars in the hotel.
你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。
May I exchange this for something？
我可以把这个换别的东西吗？
exchangeable adj.可交换的；可交易的；可兑换的
7. fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的
（1） be fortunate in 在……方面很幸运
He is fortunate in having such nice friends.
他真幸运，有这样好的朋友。
（2） be fortunate to do sth 做某事很幸运
You are very fortunate to have such a pleasant house.
你真幸运，有这么好的房子。
（3） fortunate （for sb） that （对某人）幸运的是……
It’s very fortunate that we have Emma here.
真幸运，爱玛和我们在一起。
fortune n. 财富；运气
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
8. attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的
...be attractive to sb ……对某人有吸引力
Her beauty is very attractive to him.
她的美貌对他很有吸引力。
Mr Li is becoming attractive to her.
李先生变得对她具有吸引力了。
attract v. 吸引；使喜爱；引起……好感
attraction n. 吸引（力）；有吸引力的人或物
9. survive vi. & vt. 死里逃生；大难不死；艰难度过
Of the six people injured in the plane crash， only two survived. 在飞机坠毁中受伤的六个人中，只有两个人活了下来。
（1） survive from sth 从……幸存下来
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇异的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
（2） survive on 靠……活下来；靠……生活
I can’t survive on ￡40 a week.
一个星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
（3） survive as 作为……生存下去
He survived as party leader until his second election defeat.
直至第二次参选失败他才不再担任党的领导人。
10. contact vt. & n. 联络；联系某人
（1） contact sb 联络、联系某人
If you are free， please contact me.
如果你有空，请联系我。
Contact the police immediately.
立刻与警方联络。
（2） be in contact with 和……有联系
Have you been in contact with your sister recently？
最近你和你的姐姐有联系吗？
（3） be out of contact with 和……没有联系
I have been out of contact with her for three years.
我和她失去联系已有三年。
（4） lose contact with 与……失去联络
In the World War II， too many friends lost contact with each other.
在第二次世界大战中，许多朋友失去了联系。
（5） stay/keep in contact with 与……保持联系
Though they haven’t seen each other for a long time， they still stay in contact with each other on the Internet.
尽管已很长时间没见面了，他们仍在网上保持联系。
（6） make contac with 与……取得联系
They made contact with headquarters by radio.
他们用无线电跟总部取得了联系。
（7） come into contact with 与……接触；碰见
There I came into contact with some artists.
在那儿我接触了一些艺术家。
11. a number of 许多；大量
a number of，the number of，numbers of 均修饰可数名词，区别如下：
（1） a number of 许多；大量（谓语动词用复数）
A number of students have read this book.
很多学生都读了这本书。
（2） the number of ……的数目（谓语动词用单数）
The number of giant pandas is growing.
大熊猫的数量在增加。
（3） numbers of 很多（谓语动词用复数）
Huge numbers of birds have flocked together by the lake.
成群的鸟聚集在湖畔。
12. a great many 许多；大量
a great many修饰可数名词复数（谓语动词用复数）
The young couple has traveled a great many cities since they got married.
这对年轻夫妇自从结婚后已经旅行了很多城市。
A great many students were sent to the West to help the children there.
大量学生被派往西部帮助那里的孩子。
比较：a great many和a great many of的区别
（1） a great many后直接修饰名词，名词可以有修饰语。
a great many students/a great many young students
（2） a great many of后主要接：
①代词：a great many of them
②受冠词修饰的名词：a great many of the students
③受these， those修饰的名词：a great many of these students
④受物主代词修饰的名词：a great many of my students
⑤受所有格修饰的名词：a great many of Tom’s students 13. put up 修建；建立；树立
put up a building/fence/memorial/tent
盖楼房 / 架篱笆 / 修纪念碑 / 搭帐篷
（1） 怂恿；唆使
I can’t believe he’d do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some of the older boys.
我不相信他会主动干那种事，一定是有些年龄大的男孩子叫他干的。
（2） 提升；使升高
She put her hair up.
她把头发挽在头上。
（3） 提高；增加
My landlord is threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week.
我的房东要挟说要把每周租金提高10英镑。
（4） 留某人住在家中
We can put you up for the night.
我们可以招待你过夜。
（5）（在战斗、竞赛中）显示；表现
They surrendered without putting up much of a fight.
他们没怎么抵抗就投降了。
（6） 推荐；提名
The Green Party hopes to put up a number of candidates in the General Election.
绿党希望提出若干候选人参加大选。
（7） 张贴；置……于明显位置
put up a notice/a poster 张贴通知 / 海报
跟踪导练（一）
阅读理解
Below is a discussion on a website.
1. Who would miss the family most？
A. Jaime. B. Jayne.
C. Miko. D. Paola.
2. Who would feel most uncomfortable without the news media？
A. Steve. B. Jaime.
C. Roger. D. Tomas.
3. Who would miss mobile phone least？
A. Paola. B. Tomas.
C. Miko. D. Steve.
4. How many of the seven persons would miss food or drink？
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
选词填空
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Sorry to ____ you， but there is a call for you.
2. I was ____ enough to visit many parts of the world.
3. I kept trying to ____ the waiter’s attention.
4. My mother was ____ tired after work.
5. Many ____ from all over the world visited the Great Wall.
6. Some of these ____ were done completely by guess and by God.
7. The soprano’s voice ____ clear and sweet.
8. The shop is in a one-way street， which make it very difficult for ____ .
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. Tim is one of the best student in my class. ___
2. Sophie is a six-years-old girl， but she can play
the piano very well. ___
3. The job sounds really excited to me. I’ll take it. ___
4. Don’t bother get dinner for me today； I’ll eat out. ___
句子翻译
1. 这个游戏相当不错，我和我的同学都喜欢玩。
2. 你的主意听起来很糟糕。我不会同意。
3. 美国位于加拿大南部。海南省位于中国南部。
4. 这是我第一次来到这个美丽的城市。
单项选择
1. The traffic accident ___ a large crowd.
A. moved B. covered
C. called D. attracted 2. They ___ a tent by the fire.
A. put up B. put off
C. put out D. put on
3. ___ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Chinese ten young strong B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Young strong ten Chinese D. Ten strong young Chinese
4. He has ___ money to buy food， so he will go hungry soon.
A. many B. few
C. more D. little
5. He’s ___ sure that I can get a good job there.
A. hardly B. enough
C. pretty D. too
6. The supermarket is not far from here. It is only a ___ .
A. ten-minute walk B. ten-minute’s walk
C. ten minutes walk D. ten-minutes walk
7. Don’t bother your father ___ it now； he is very tired.
A. with B. by
C. at D. to
8. ___ the houses were built after the earthquake.
A. A great deal B. A great many of
C. A great deal of D. A great many
跟踪导练（二）
选词填空
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Teaching is my ____ . I learn a lot from teaching.
2. The weather here is so ____ that I want to go out.
3. Do you mind if I give you some ____ advice？
4. The whole ____ get up early and have breakfast together.
5. ____ is very heavy.I will be late for the meeting.
6. The passengers landed as soon as the ship reached the ____ .
7. In the old days， dragon boat races were ____ only by Chinese people.
8. The workshop has shut down and the workers are ____ .
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. I have stayed at my aunt’s since two weeks. ___
2. John has broken his left leg. His mother is worried him. ___
3. It was 3 years since my father gave up smoking. ___
4. There is a heart breaking news report about starve children. ___
句子翻译
1. 你看过玛丽的照片了吗？多漂亮的女孩啊！
2. 我还没有完成作业，因此我妈妈不会让我出去。
3. 他目前失业，而且他失业已经有五个多月了。
4. 我从早饭起就没有吃东西。饿死我了！
单项选择
1. Zhao Lan ___ in this school for two years so far.
A. studied B. studies
C. has studied D. was studying
2. We ___ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know B. had known
C. have known D. knew
3. ___ of the teachers in our school ___ about one hundred.
A. The number； is B. A number； is
C. A number； are D. The number； are
4. — How long have you studied in Chengdu？
— ___ I came to China.
A. After B. As C. Since D. When
5. She ___ from Paris yet.
A. hasn’t returned B. didn’t return
C. doesn’t return D. hadn’t returned
6. The time is ___ . We must be on board.
A. approaching B. arriving
C. closing D. getting
7. I won’t go to the concert because I ___ my ticket.
A. lost B. lose
C. have lost D. had lost
8. Tom ___ a letter to his parents last night.
A. written B. was writing
C. wrote D. has written
完形填空
I spent two months with an American family last year when I studied in America. It is said， “The best house is in the USA， the best wife is in Japan， and the best food is in China.” So I took 1 and pleasure to cook “the best food” for my American family.
Each day， regardless of my poor skill of cooking， I performed （表演） my play in a 2 way： change the dishes’ color， the meat’s type or the soup’s style. Thus， my American friends could discover the 3 of eating Chinese food. Because of my 4 job， I was often rewarded （奖励） by their expressions of appreciation such as “very tasty”， “excellent”， etc.
But the joke was here. Yesterday， I cooked Sichuan style 5 for dinner. I was pleased at my achievement. When all the family members arrived at the table， they first looked 6 at the fish， then looked at me. “Why do all the fish have their heads？” they asked. “It’s 7 ！”
Another 8 thing is： the American friends often said to me “Help yourself ” as they brought home fruits or other things. According to Chinese tradition， I would simply smile in answer to their kindness 9 actually helping myself to any of the food. In return， I said “Help yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits. Dear me， no matter how much or how often I brought home food， as long as it was nice to their taste， they 10 hesitated （犹豫） to use their hands to “Help themselves” until all was finished.
1. A. worry B. attention C. proud D. pride
2. A. similar B. new C. scientific D. simple
3. A. way B. joy C. secret D. importance
4. A. hard B. amusing C. professional D. attractive
5. A. meat B. fish C. soup D. egg
6. A. disappointedly B. excitedly C. surprisedly D. patiently
7. A. brilliant B. amazing C. harmful D. horrible
8. A. embarrasing B. strange C. interesting D. fascinating
9. A. for B. than C. without D. with
10. A. usually B. seldom C. never D. always
跟踪导练（三）
选词填空 从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. Hong Kong Special ____ is part of China.
2. When will dinner be ready？ We are ____ .
3. I’ve got to pay my ____ this morning.
4. I often ____ stamps with him.
5. As I ____ the woods， a rabbit ran out of the trees.
6. Some kinds of ____ labour have been replaced by machines.
7. The headmistress found her a great help and not a great ____ .
8. Can you hear someone calling in the ____ ？
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. I have bought this watch for ten years. ___
2. How long have you borrowed the book written by Lu Xun？ ___
3. Have you ever gone to any English-speaking countries？ ___
4. He has come back for a week and he lives in Beijing. ___
句子翻译
1. 自从2006年以来，他一直住在这儿。
2. 我迄今在部队已经待了五年多了。
3. 到目前为止，他离家两个多星期了。
4. 会议已经结束半个小时了。
单项选择
1. — Where ___ John ___ ？
— To the library. He ___ there for an hour.
A. has； been； has gone B. has； gone； has been
C. did； go； went D. did； be； went
2. Tom ___ the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed
C. has bought D. has had
3. I am afraid your car is ___ . I can’t get through.
A. in one way B. in some ways
C. in a way D. in the way
4. — Do you know Yao Ming very well？
— Of course！ I ___ a lot of news about him on TV so far.
A. read B. had read
C. have read D. reads
5. We are living in an age ___ many things are done on the computer.
A. which B. when
C. where D. that
6. She ___ Charles for a year.
A. has been married to B. has got married to
C. married D. has married to
7. I like these English songs and they ___ many times on the Internet.
A. taught B. have been taught
C. are taught D. have taught
8. — I like blue ___ pink.
— I don’t like blue ___ pink， ___ I like white.
A. and； and； but B. and； or； but
C. or； or； and D. or； and； and
阅读表达（阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。）
Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea， two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia.
The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city’s money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city， with ships， railways， clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings， coloured roofs， and narrow streets. The modern part has long， wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the centre of the city was built in the 13th century.
The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela （委内瑞拉） named Valencia.
1. Where do the main income of the city of Valencia come from？ （1 word）
2. How is the old part of Valencia？ （Within 9 words）
3. What is Valencia famous for？ （Within 4 words）
4. When did Valencia become the most important city in Spain？ （Within 4 words）
5. How many places have the name Valencia？ （Within 2 words）
跟踪导练（四）
阅读理解
Dear Tom，
I’m writing this letter slowly because I know you can’t read fast. We don’t live where we did when you left home. Your dad read in the newspaper that most accidents happened within 20 miles from your home， so we moved.
I won’t be able to send you the address because the last family that lived here took the house numbers when they moved so that they wouldn’t have to change their address. This place is really nice. It even has a washing machine. I’m not sure it works so well though： last week I put a load in and pulled the chain （拉链） and haven’t seen them since. The weather isn’t bad here. It only rained twice last week； the first time for three days and the second time for four days. About that coat you wanted me to send you， your uncle Stanley said it would be too heavy to send in the mail with the buttons on so we cut them off and put them in the pockets.
John locked his keys in the car yesterday. We were really worried because it took him two hours to get me and your father out. Your sister had a baby this morning， but I haven’t found out what it is yet. The baby looks just like your brother.
Three of your friends went off a bridge in a pick-up trunk. Ralph was driving. He rolled down the window and swam to safety. Your other two friends were in back. They drowned because they couldn’t get the tail gate down.
There isn’t much more news at this time. Nothing much has happened.
Love， Mom
P.S. I was going to send you some money but the envelope was already sealed.
1. Why did the family move to the new place？
A. To avoid possible danger. B. To get close to their friends.
C. To live in a newly-built house.
D. To enjoy the good weather of the new place.
2. What happened to Tom’s friends？
A. They missed Tom much.
B. They were friendly to the family.
C. Two of them died in a traffic accident.
D. Three of them left the hometown like Tom.
3. Who is the writer of this letter？
A. Tom’s mother. B. Tom’s brother.
C. Tom’s sister. D. Tom’s friend.
4. What can we learn from the passage？
A. The baby is a boy.
B. The number of the family is four.
C. The son will receive a coat without buttons on it.
D. The son couldn’t send letter because the address was taken.
选词填空
从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。
1. She ____ me as soon as she arrived.
2. John has been out of ____ for three months.
3. This is a（n） ____ city full of ancient buildings.
4. He is poor， so he can’t ____ to buy a new bike.
5. Her parents died in the accident， but she ____ .
6. The ____ people are always very friendly towards tourists.
7. I won’t let either of you guys get in a（n） ____ .
8. He was sorry to have ____ the pretty girl.
单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）
1. Quite a lot of children in Africa cannot afford go to school. ___
2. They were given food and clothes in exchange with work. ___
3. I rang the bell three times， but no one answered to it. ___
4. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice before he came to Yunnan. ___
句子翻译
1. 许多人参加了赛跑，但只有一些人坚持跑到底。
2. 房价已经上涨。我们买不起这套如此昂贵的房子。
3. 我们在乡村买了一所小房子以躲避喧闹的城市。
4. 你最近和她联系了吗？我有五个月没收到她的来信了。
单项选择
1. They walked home because they couldn’t ___ a taxi.
A. afford B. support
C. pay D. cost
2. You can take anything from the shelf and read， but please ___ the books when you’ve finished with them.
A. put up B. put back
C. put on D. put off
3. — Can I help you， sir？
— I’d like to exchange this shirt ___ a larger size.
A. for B. with
C. of D. to
4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ___ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.
A. attracted B. had attracted
C. has attracted D. will attract
5. — Did you see a red car ___ in front of our shop？
— Red one？ It left just a moment ago.
A. parked B. parking C. park D. to park
6. Byrd and his men ___ able to take a great many photographs of the mountains.
A. were B. was
C. has D. has been
7. The price ___ ， but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went up B. was going up
C. has gone up D. will go up
8. Judy will help the student she ___ in England last year.
A. was meeting B. met
C. has met D. had meet
Nobel Prize
诺贝尔奖
Nobel， born on October 21， 1833 in Stockholm， invented the nitroglycerine high explosive in 1867. He was successively engaged in the detonation technology and the synthesis material research in Sweden， Germany， France， England and Italy.He obtained 355 invention patents in his life， winning a very big property. Nobel died in Italy on December 10， 1896.
According to Nobel’s will， part of his inheritance， altogether $9，200，000， were put in bank as a fund， with interest every year （approximately $200，000） for the people making prominent contribution to physics， chemistry， biology， medicine， literature as well as cause of peace. In 1968， the economy prize was set up.
Every year on December 10 Nobel prizes were issued. According to the convention， physics， chemistry and the economy prizes are issued by Sweden Imperial Academy of science. The biology prize and the medicine prize were issued by the Rollin medicine surgery research institute in Stockholm. The literature prize is issued by the Sweden Literary Academy. The peace prize is issued by Norwegian Parliament. Each awarding unit is equipped with a Nobel committee which is made up of five people responsible for evaluation. Nobel’s candidates were recommended by the academies of science， universities and the previous prize-winner around the world. The Nobel prize consists of a gold medal， a certification and a bonus.
诺贝尔于1833年10月21日生于斯德哥尔摩，1867年发明硝化甘油烈性炸药。他先后在瑞典、德国、法国、英国和意大利从事爆炸技术和合成物质研究，一生共获得355项发明专利，赢得了一笔很大的财产。1896年12月10日，诺贝尔病卒于意大利。
根据诺贝尔的遗嘱，他将遗产的一部分，共920万美元，作为基金存入银行，用每年的利息（约20万美元）奖励给对物理、化学、生物学或医学、文学以及在和平事业方面对人类有突出贡献的人。1968年，诺贝尔奖又增设了经济学奖。
每年12月10日颁发诺贝尔奖。按惯例，物理、化学和经济学三种奖项由瑞典皇家科学院颁发；生物学或医学奖由斯德哥尔摩加罗林医学外科学研究院颁发；文学奖由瑞典文学院颁发；和平奖由挪威议会颁发。每个授奖单位设有一个由五人组成的诺贝尔委员会，负责评选工作。诺贝尔奖的候选对象，由世界各国的科学院、大学和前获奖者推荐。诺贝尔奖包括一枚金质奖章、一张奖状和一笔奖金。