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生物化学创始于1910年,分子生物学诞生于1950年。虽然20世纪中国几乎每年都有留美学生。但大规模组织中国大陆留学美国学习生命科学的有两次,第一次是庚子赔款的留美,1910年左右开始,第一年资助约60位学生,以后共有约1000名庚款留美学生;1950至1980年,多数中国留学生来自于台湾和香港,到1979年,每年约有几千中国学生留美,而从中国大陆来的很少。第二次较大规模组织留美学生学习生物是1981到1982年开始的“中美生化考试和申请”。(theChina-U.S.Biochemistry Examination and Applica-tion,英文缩写是 CUSBEA),这个计划在1982到1989年间共使400名学生留美。本文共分四个部分描述留美的中国生物化学和分子生物学家的贡献。第一部分表列中国生化和分子生物学家在20世纪四个有代表性的年代在五本主要国际杂志发表论文的情况;第二部分列出84位突出的中国旅美生化和分子生物学家;第三部分简略介绍最有影响的21位中国旅美生化和分子生物学家的贡献;第四部分是本文的结论。
Biochemistry was founded in 1910, molecular biology was born in 1950. Although in the 20th century China almost every year, students from the United States. However, large-scale organizations in mainland China study in the United States to study life science twice, the first is Gengzi reparations to the United States, began around 1910, about 60 students in the first year of funding, after a total of about 1,000 students in G hemites; From 1950 to 1980, most Chinese students came from Taiwan and Hong Kong. By 1979, about a few thousand Chinese students went to the United States each year, but few from mainland China. The second large-scale organization of students studying in the United States to study biology is from 1981 to 1982 “Sino-US biochemical examinations and applications.” (The China-U.S. Biochemistry Examination and Application, abbreviated as CUSBEA), which brought a total of 400 students to the United States between 1982 and 1989. This article is divided into four parts to describe the contribution of Chinese biochemists and molecular biologists in the United States. The first part lists the articles published by Chinese biochemists and molecular biologists in five major international journals in the four representative decades of the 20th century. The second part lists 84 prominent biologists and biologists from China and the United States ; The third part briefly introduces the contribution of the 21 most influential biologists and biologists from China to the United States; the fourth part is the conclusion of this article.