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目的分析成都市1950-2008年流行性脑膜炎的流行病学特征,为探索有效控制流脑暴发及流行的预防控制策略提供流行病学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法。结果1950-2008年,全市共报告病例19119例,死亡病例1 004例;1950-1982年间,平均5~7年发生1次大流行,1983年以后无明显周期性,1990年以后发病率降至0.5/10万以下。全市20个区县均有病例报告,以双流县、金堂县、金牛区、成华区等发病病例较多;各年2~4月发病例数占全年发病总例数的75.89%;年龄组发病数前3位分别为15~19,10~14,6~9岁组,分别占总发病例数的16.21%、15.02%和13.83%,农民发病最多占34.11%,其次为学生占28.04%,第3位为托幼儿童和散居儿童共占23.36%。结论1950-1982年流脑的流行具有周期性,平均5~7年发生1次大流行,1983年后,流脑呈高度散发,改变了流脑流行的周期性规律,且发病率保持在较低水平,可看出成都市流脑防治取得了显著的成效,但仍存在流行的隐患,应针对薄弱环节,以加强监测为主,掌握流行动态,辅以疫苗和综合防治可能出现的流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic meningitis in Chengdu from 1950 to 2008 and to provide epidemiological evidence for effective control of epidemic encephalitis and epidemic prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used. Results From 1950 to 2008, a total of 19,119 cases were reported and 1,004 deaths were reported in the city. Between 1950 and 1982, there was an average of 5 to 7 years of pandemic. After 1983, there was no obvious periodicity. After 1990, the incidence rate dropped to 0.5 / 100,000 or less. The 20 districts and counties in the city have case reports, with more incidences in Shuangliu County, Jintang County, Jinniu District and Chenghua District. The number of cases from February to April in each year accounted for 75.89% of the total number of cases in the year. The age group The first three cases were 15-19, 10-14 and 6-9 years old respectively, accounting for 16.21%, 15.02% and 13.83% respectively of the total number of cases, the incidence of peasants up to 34.11%, followed by the students of 28.04% , And the third place accounted for 23.36% of the total number of toddlers and diasporas. Conclusions The prevalence of meningococci in 1950-1982 was cyclical with an average of 5 to 7 years. After 1983, the meningitis was highly exuded, changing the periodic pattern of meningococcal epidemic and the incidence remained at a relatively low level Low level, it can be seen that meningococcal control has achieved remarkable results in Chengdu. However, there are still epidemic hidden dangers. We should focus on the weak links, strengthen monitoring, master the epidemic dynamics, and supplement the epidemic with vaccines and comprehensive prevention and control.