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签订于1887年的中葡《和好通商条约》,是有史以来中葡两国批准互换的第一个条约,其中最重要的内容是清政府允准葡萄牙“永居管理”澳门。此时,曾经称霸远东的葡萄牙殖民帝国早已衰落不堪,无论在政治、经济、军事等方面都无法对清政府施加压力。然而,正处于所谓“同光中兴”时期的清政府却主动签署这一不平等条约,一度还自以为得计。因此,这一条约的内容及其订立的原因等都是值得探讨的。一在葡萄牙人入居澳门后的近三百年间,尽管在欧洲本土以及在果阿等地葡萄牙人经常宣称澳门是葡萄牙的“殖民地”,租居澳门的葡萄牙人则明瞭自己所处的地位。1777年,代理总督的澳门主教基马拉士在给议事局的报告中指出:“葡萄牙人承中国皇帝的恩惠,通过支付地租,才得到在澳门暂时居留等利益。”在这种情势下,葡萄牙人审时度势,从未向中国政府提出过订立条约,以确定他们在澳门地位的要求。以“天朝”自居,一直在澳门充分行
The Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peace and Trade signed in 1887 is the first treaty that China and Portugal approved the exchange of history between the two countries. The most important content of which is that the Qing government approved Portugal's “permanent residence administration” of Macao. At this time, the Portuguese colonial empire that once dominated the Far East has long been decayed, and it can not exert any pressure on the Qing government politically, economically or militarily. However, the Qing government, which is now in the so-called “Tongguang ZTE” period, voluntarily signed this unequal treaty. Therefore, the content of the treaty and the reasons for its formation are all worth discussing. For almost three hundred years after the Portuguese settled in Macao, Portugal, who resided in Macao, knew its place in spite of the fact that the Portuguese often claimed that Portugal was a “colony” in Portugal and elsewhere in Goa. In 1777, Gishmac, the Bishop of Macau, acting Governor, pointed out in his report to the Board that “the Portuguese, being the bounty of the Chinese emperor, is entitled to the temporary residency in Macao by paying rent.” Under such circumstances, The Portuguese have been assessing the situation and have never submitted a treaty to the Chinese government to determine their status in Macao. To “heaven” as its own, has been fully in Macau