论文部分内容阅读
一、高科技产业是深港两地的发展方向 至今,香港制造业仍以劳动密集型为主,正面临着升级转型缓慢的困扰。70年代末,由于工资、地价、租金不断上升,经营成本高,香港厂商利用内地改革开放的机会,纷纷把制造业北移内地,现在已基本完成转移。在此期间,制造业在本地生产总值中的份额持续下降,从1978年的26.5％下降至1995年的8.8％。过去,在香港的14个行业中,制造业增加值长期居首位。但进入90年代以后,已先后被进出口贸易、地产和金融等行业超过,退居至第四位,同时其增加值出现了负增长。1992年制造业增加值额为997.6亿港元,是历史上的最高峰,以后呈下降趋势,1995年已下降至897.2亿港元。与此同时,服务业GDP比重已从1978年的63.9％上升至1995年的近84％,增加值达10000多亿港元,是制造业的11倍多。这表明,香港的经济结构已转化为高度发展的服务型经济体系。 在此情况下,香港出现了制造业发展前途之争。有人认为,香港已成为商业服务社会,制造业将逐渐衰退;也有人认为,制造业的出路在于提高附加值;还有人认为制造业应向高科技产业发展。笔者认为,高科技产业是香港制造业的发展方向,目前
I. High-tech Industries Are the Development Direction of Shenzhen and Hong Kong So far, Hong Kong’s manufacturing industry is still dominated by labor-intensive industries and is facing the problem of slow upgrading and transformation. In the late 1970s, due to rising wages, land prices, rents and high operating costs, Hong Kong manufacturers took advantage of the opportunity of reform and opening up in the Mainland to move their manufacturing industries northward to the Mainland and have now basically completed the transfer. Manufacturing’s share of GDP continued to decline during this period, from 26.5% in 1978 to 8.8% in 1995. In the past, among the 14 industries in Hong Kong, the added value of manufacturing industry has long been the top one. However, after entering the 90’s, it has been surpassed by the industries of import and export trade, real estate and finance to retire to the fourth place, meanwhile its added value shows negative growth. In 1992, the added value of manufacturing industry was 99.76 billion Hong Kong dollars, the highest in history and a downward trend in the future. It dropped to 89.72 billion Hong Kong dollars in 1995. At the same time, the share of service industry in GDP has risen from 63.9% in 1978 to nearly 84% in 1995, an increase of more than 100 billion Hong Kong dollars, more than 11 times that of manufacturing. This shows that Hong Kong’s economic structure has been transformed into a highly developed service-oriented economy. Under such circumstances, there has been a dispute over the future of manufacturing in Hong Kong. Some people think that Hong Kong has become a commercial service society, and manufacturing industry will gradually decline. Some people think that the way out for manufacturing industry is to increase added value. Others think that manufacturing industry should develop into high-tech industries. In my opinion, the high-tech industry is the development direction of Hong Kong’s manufacturing industry, at present