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特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)是指无明显病因,并非眼底疾病引发的黄斑裂孔.内界膜剥除术(ILMP)是治疗IMH的有效治疗方法.ILMP可解除黄斑牵拉,提高手术成功率,改善术后患者视力,已成为IMH手术治疗中的一个重要环节.本文就内界膜的染色方法、术中玻璃体腔气体填充、面向下头位要求、术后裂孔愈合过程以及术后效果等进行综述.“,”Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is characterized by a central retinal defect without any ocular diseases.Internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) of the retina is proved to be beneficial to IMH.As a part of IMH treatment,ILMP can increase the closure rate of IMH and improve postoperative visual outcomes.This article reviewed advanced researches of the ILMP,including dying methods of ILM,intraocular tamponade agents,postoperative facedown posturing,healing process of IMH and postoperative effect of ILMP.