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目的旨在探讨飞行员患眼底黄斑病变的特殊生理、心理因素，提出预防和控制措施，确保飞行安全。方法通过对中国国际航空公司１９９８年度大体检中，发现的１１例眼底黄斑病变飞行员进行病例分析，详细调查患此病飞行员的年龄、飞行时间、所飞航线、相关疾病、吸烟饮酒、体育锻炼、健康疗养情况等各项指标，并查看历年体检登记本。结果１１名飞行员眼底黄斑病变中，确诊中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（中浆）的２名，有玻璃膜疣的５名，点片状渗出的２名，色素紊乱的２名，病变影响视力的有３名。１１名飞行员所患的眼底黄斑疾病主要有两种：中浆和老年性黄斑变性。结论飞行疲劳、精神紧张、吸烟、饮酒、光刺激、衰老、免疫力下降等都是导致中浆和老年性黄斑变性的主要原因。因此，严格控制飞行量，妥善安排飞行计划，减少工作负荷，保证充分的睡眠和休息是消除疲劳的关键措施。健康疗养、体育锻炼、熟练飞行技术对消除精神紧张是必要的。戒烟酒、防治全身疾病如糖尿病、肾病、高血压、循环系统疾病等也是预防眼底黄斑疾病的关键。
Aims To explore the special physiological and psychological factors of pilots suffering from macular degeneration and proposing preventive and control measures to ensure flight safety. Methods A total of 11 cases of macular degeneration macular degeneration found in the 1998 general check-up of Air China were analyzed. The age, flight time, flight routes, related diseases, smoking and drinking, physical exercise, Health conditions and other indicators, and check the calendar year medical register. Results Of the 11 pilots with macular degeneration, 2 were diagnosed as central serous chorioretinopathy (meningitis), 5 as drusen, 2 as lenticular exudates, 2 as pigment disorders and pathological changes There are 3 eyesight. There are two main types of ocular macular diseases among 11 pilots: middle and age-related macular degeneration. Conclusions Flight fatigue, mental stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, light stimulation, aging, decreased immunity and so on are all the main reasons leading to middle-aged and macular degeneration. Therefore, strict control of flight volume, proper flight planning, reduce workload, and ensure adequate sleep and rest are the key measures to eliminate fatigue. Health recuperation, physical exercise, skilled flight techniques are necessary to eliminate mental stress. Quit smoking and drinking, prevention and treatment of systemic diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, high blood pressure, circulatory diseases are also the key to prevention of macular degeneration.