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简述了利用超临界流体在临界点附近特殊物理化学性质,采用超临界流体(甲醇、乙醇、水等)以木柴、植物秸秆、玉米淀粉等为原料制备合成气、生物柴油、萃取液体燃料等生物质能源的最新进展。指出了反应机理,以及操作方式、操作步骤、操作温度、压力、使用的催化剂等条件对产物生成效果的影响。总结了超临界流体制备生物质能源在低能耗、操作简单、产率高、后期分离简单、可再生性和环境友好等方面的优点。
In this paper, the use of supercritical fluid in the vicinity of the critical point of the special physical and chemical properties, the use of supercritical fluid (methanol, ethanol, water) to firewood, plant straw, corn starch as raw materials for the synthesis of syngas, biodiesel, liquid fuel extraction The latest development of biomass energy. The reaction mechanism, as well as the influence of operating conditions, operating procedures, operating temperature, pressure and the catalyst used on the product formation were pointed out. The advantages of using supercritical fluid to prepare biomass energy sources in terms of low energy consumption, simple operation, high yield, simple separation in the later period, renewableness and environmental friendliness are summarized.