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●阶段特征第一次世界大战改变了帝国主义国家之间的力量对比,也改变了欧洲、亚洲的政治版图。战后初期,帝国主义战胜国为重新瓜分世界,建立新的国际秩序,先后召开了巴黎和会和华盛顿会议,调整了它们在欧洲和亚洲太平洋地区的关系,形成了“凡尔赛——华盛顿体系”。20年代,资本主义进入短暂的相对稳定发展时期。但在德国赔款和欧洲安全问题上,战胜国之间、战胜国同战败国之间,充满矛盾和斗争。1929年—1933年爆发了席卷资本主义世界的严重经济危机和政治危机,为了摆脱危机,美国实施了罗斯福新政,缓和了国内矛盾。30年代,帝国主义两股最主要的潮流:一是法西斯主义:德、日先后确立了法西斯专政;二是绥靖主义,力图维护凡尔赛——华盛顿体系的英、美、法对法西斯侵略采取绥靖政策,使法西斯的侵略气焰嚣张。1939年,第二次世界大战全面爆发,,战争初期、德军处于暂时的有利地位,很快占领了西、北欧广大地区,法国战败,英国退守本土。1941年,德国侵入苏联,日本袭击美军基地珍珠港,战争规模进一步扩大,中国人民很早就英勇抗击日本侵略者,苏联、美国等更多的国家参加反法西斯战争,各种反法西斯力量逐步
● Stage characteristics The First World War changed the balance of power between the imperialist countries and also changed the political landscape of Europe and Asia. In the early post-war period, the victorious imperialist countries re-divided the world and established a new international order. They held the Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference, adjusted their relations in Europe and the Asia Pacific region, and formed the “Versailles-Washington System.” . In the 1920s, capitalism entered a period of relatively short-term stable development. However, on the issue of German reparations and European security issues, there are conflicts and struggles between the victorious nations and between the victorious nations and the defeated countries. From 1929 to 1933, serious economic and political crises engulfed the capitalist world. In order to get rid of the crisis, the United States implemented the Roosevelt New Deal and eased internal conflicts. In the 1930s, the two major trends of imperialism were: fascism: Germany and Japan established the fascist dictatorship; second, appeasement, and tried to maintain Versailles—the Washington system’s British, American, and French appeasement policies against fascist aggression. The arrogance of fascist aggression. In 1939, the Second World War broke out. In the early days of the war, the German army was temporarily in a favorable position. It quickly occupied a large area in Western and Northern Europe. France lost the battle and Britain retreated to its homeland. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and Japan attacked the US military base Pearl Harbor. The scale of the war was further expanded. The Chinese people bravely fought against the Japanese aggressors early on. The Soviet Union, the United States, and many more countries participated in the anti-fascist war. Various anti-fascist forces gradually