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目的了解贫困地区农村6～23月龄婴幼儿的贫血情况,以及出生后0～6个月的喂养方式和家庭经济状况对6～23月龄婴幼儿贫血发生率的影响。方法采用问卷调查方法收集甘肃贫困地区农村6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养与健康状况信息,测定血红蛋白含量。结果 6～23月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率58.2%,男童贫血患病率(61.0%)趋势高于女童(55.1%),但差异无统计学意义。不同月龄组婴幼儿的血红蛋白差异有显著的统计学意义(F=5.206,P<0.01),6月龄开始婴幼儿血红蛋白水平呈明显下降趋势,到12月龄时最低,从15月龄开始血红蛋白水平随月龄的增长开始逐渐升高。血红蛋白含量的变化与贫血患病率是一致的,6!月龄婴儿的贫血患病率较高,12～月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率达到最高,12～月龄后随月龄的增长患病率呈逐渐下降的趋势。不同喂养方式的婴幼儿血红蛋白含量和贫血患病率有显著差异(χ2=9.245,P<0.05),人工喂养儿血红蛋白水平高于混合喂养儿和母乳喂养儿,贫血患病率显著低于母乳喂养儿和混合喂养儿(χ2=8.529和7.173,P<0.05)。家庭经济状况与血红蛋白水平的关系无统计学意义(F=0.637,P值均P>0.05);家庭经济状况较好,贫血患病率趋于较低(χ2=1.666,P>0.05)。结论婴儿12月龄!时血红蛋白含量最低和贫血率最高,人工喂养儿贫血患病率显著低于母乳喂养儿和混合喂养儿,家庭经济状况对贫血患病率的影响不明显。提示应关注和改善6月龄以上婴幼儿的铁营养状况和贫血问题。
Objective To understand the anemia in infants and young children aged 6 ~ 23 months in rural areas in impoverished regions and the effects of feeding mode and family economic status from 0 to 6 months after birth on the incidence of anemia in infants and young children aged 6 ~ 23 months. Methods The questionnaires were used to collect the nutrition and health information of infants from 6 to 23 months of age in rural areas in poor areas of Gansu for the determination of hemoglobin content. Results The prevalence of anemia among infants and young children aged 6 ~ 23 months was 58.2%. The prevalence of anemia in boys was higher than that of girls (61.0%) (55.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a significant difference in hemoglobin between infants and young children (F = 5.206, P <0.01). The hemoglobin levels of infants at 6 months old decreased significantly from the age of 12 months to the lowest at 12 months old Hemoglobin level began to increase with age. The change of hemoglobin content is consistent with the prevalence of anemia. The prevalence of anemia is high in 6 months old infants, the highest prevalence of anemia in infants and young children aged 12 ~ months, and with the increase of age after 12 months The incidence showed a gradual downward trend. The hemoglobin content and the prevalence of anemia in different feeding methods were significantly different (χ2 = 9.245, P <0.05). The hemoglobin level in artificial feeding children was higher than that in mixed feeding and breastfeeding children. The prevalence of anemia was significantly lower than that of breastfeeding Children and mixed feeding children (χ2 = 8.529 and 7.173, P <0.05). There was no significant relationship between family economic status and hemoglobin level (F = 0.637, P> 0.05). The family economic status was better and the prevalence of anemia tended to be lower (χ2 = 1.666, P> 0.05). Conclusion The 12-month-old infant has the lowest level of hemoglobin and the highest rate of anemia. The prevalence of anemia in artificial feeding children is significantly lower than that in breast-feeding children and mixed feeding children. The family economic status has no obvious effect on the prevalence of anemia. Tip should pay attention to and improve the iron nutrition of infants and children over 6 months of age and anemia.