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目的针对新会区3家食品生产企业接噪工人开展噪声危害和防护的认知情况及获得认知途径进行调查,为制定更有效的职业卫生宣传教育方针提供基础依据,更好地促进接害工人的职业健康。方法随机抽取江门新会区3家食品生产企业300名接噪工人进行问卷调查和现场防护用品使用情况调查,分析不同途径获得职业病危害防控知识的工人对噪声危害和防护的认知情况,探讨工人普遍接受的有实际保护意义的职业卫生宣传教育途径。结果得到有效调查问卷298份,接噪工人对噪声危害的知晓率均达90.0%以上;正确佩戴防噪声耳塞、接触噪声作业期间需要全程佩戴耳部防护用品的知晓率均在75.0%以上;工作岗接触噪声强度知晓率63.4%;所使用的耳部防护用品的降噪防护效果知晓率为56.4%;判断耳部防护用品的防护性能是否合适知晓率44.6%;主动更换耳部防护用品知晓率为32.9%。从合同告知、企业培训、宣传公告栏获得职业卫生知识的工人对防护用品的认知率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同性别、文化程度对认知途径的关注差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论本次调查的食品生产企业接噪工人对噪声危害认知率较高,但对耳部防护用品的性能、岗位接噪水平、主动更换防护用品等认知率较低。不同途径获得职业病防控知识影响工人对职业病危害防护的认知,合同告知、宣传公告栏、企业培训途径获得职业病危害防控知识的工人对噪声防护的认知更好,自我保护意识更强。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the noise awareness and protection of noise-exposed workers in three food production enterprises in Xinhui District and to find out ways of cognition to provide a basis for more effective publicity and education on occupational health, Occupational health of workers. Methods A total of 300 noise-exposed workers from 3 food production enterprises in Xinhui District of Jiangmen were surveyed randomly to investigate the noise situation and protection of workers exposed to different occupational hazards. Workers generally accept the meaning of practical protection of occupational health education and education. Results 298 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the awareness rate of workers receiving noise was 90.0% or more. Correctly wearing noise-proof earplugs and hearing earnestly required wearing ear protection devices during the noise-related activities were above 75.0% The awareness rate of contact noise intensity was 63.4%; the awareness rate of the noise reduction effect of the ear protection products used was 56.4%; the judgment of the protective performance of the ear protection products was appropriate and the awareness rate was 44.6%; the awareness rate of active replacement ear protection products Is 32.9%. The workers who obtained the occupational health knowledge from the contracts, enterprises training and publicity bulletin boards had a higher awareness rate on the protective articles (P <0.05), and the differences in the cognitive pathways between different genders and educational levels included Statistical significance (all P <0.05). Conclusion The workers in noise exposure of food production enterprises in this survey have a higher recognition rate of noise hazards, but have a low awareness of the performance of ear protection devices, the level of post access noise, and active replacement of protective equipment. Different Ways to Obtain Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Knowledge Workers’ Perceptions of Occupational Hazards Protection, Contract Alerts, Bulletin Boards, and Corporate Training Pathways Workers who gain prevention and control of occupational hazards are better cognizant of noise protection and have a stronger sense of self-protection.