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本文以《汉字声旁读音便查》和《现代汉语频率词典》为依据,对现代汉语形声字的声符家族表音类型和使用频率特点进行计量分析,结果发现声符家族可分为完全表音、半表音、混合表音、混杂表音和不表音五种家族类型。声符在家族水平上的表音特点主要有:总体表音能力非常好,具有表音能力的四类家族占总数的93.72%,不表音家族只占总数的6.28%;声符家族表音的多线索性和不确定性比较明显,表现为家族表音类型以混合混杂表音类型居多(57.25%)、单纯一致表音类型偏少(36.47%)。本文还描述了声符家族中声符字和家族成员字的使用频率分布特性,探讨上述结果在汉字教学及汉字认知研究中的意义。
Based on the analysis of phonetic sounds of Chinese characters and the frequency of modern Chinese dictionaries, this paper analyzes the phonetic patterns of phonetic characters of modern Chinese phonetic characters and the characteristics of their frequency of use. The results show that phonetic characters can be divided into complete list Tone, semi-phonetic, mixed phonetic, mixed phonetic and non-phonetic five family types. Phonetic characteristics of the phonetic symbols at the family level are mainly as follows: the overall phonetic and phonetic abilities are very good, the four types of phonetic and phonetic families account for 93.72% of the total, and the non-phonetic and phonetic families account for only 6.28% of the total; The multi-clues and uncertainties are more obvious. The main types of clan phonetic are mixed mixed phonetic types (57.25%) and simple unambiguous phonetic types (36.47%). This paper also describes the frequency distribution characteristics of phonetic characters and family members in the phonetic symbols family, and discusses the significance of the above results in the teaching of Chinese characters and the cognition of Chinese characters.