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一切进行分裂的细胞,在物理的、生物的或化学因子的作用下,或称在染色体断裂剂(clastogens)的作用下,使染色体受到损害。丧失着丝点的染色体、染色单体断片,或因纺锤体受损伤而丢失的整个染色体,在细胞分裂的后期,染色体移向纺锤体两极时,这些断片遗落在细胞质中,最后,单独形成一个或几个规则的次核,被包含在子细胞的胞质内,形成微核,在医学上称豪一杰氏小体(Howel-Jolly Bodies)。在这个基础上建立了微核试验法(micronucleus test)。该法可用来评价各种理化因子的致癌、致突变效应,监察环境污染物,临床某些疾病的研究,是常用的遗传毒理学方法之一。目前常用的试验材料有哺乳动物骨髓细胞、人的周围血淋巴细胞、离体培养淋巴
All cells that divide are damaged by physical, biological or chemical factors, or by the action of the chromosomal clastogens. Chromosomes with a loss of centromere, chromatid fragments, or entire chromosomes that are lost due to damage to the spindles, are left in the cytoplasm when the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during the later stages of cell division and, finally, are formed separately One or several regular secondary nuclei, which are contained within the cytoplasm of daughter cells to form micronuclei, are medically referred to Howel-Jolly Bodies. On this basis established the micronucleus test (micronucleus test). The method can be used to evaluate the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of various physical and chemical factors, monitor environmental pollutants, and study on certain clinical diseases. It is one of the commonly used genotoxic methods. The commonly used test materials are mammalian bone marrow cells, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymphocytes cultured in vitro