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本文考察中国从晚清到中华民国早期的环境史,其中许多例子取自水利管理方面。本文认为,与大多数西方国家的经验不同,在过去几个世纪里,晚清和现代中国的治国策略都被纳入经济发展战略,而不是等到资源密集型经济增长一段时间之后才考虑这些问题。此外,直到19世纪,经济发展和环境治理的重点首先是稳定再生产和为不断增加的人口提供基本生活必需品——这是一个常常涉及富庶地区向广大内陆地区转移资源、生态相对稳定地区向生态脆弱地区转移资源的任务。19—20世纪,工业技术和新的国家建设在一个国际竞争更加激烈的环境下进行,这使那些早期的治国原则发生了变化,但是并未使它们互不相关:它们的遗产在更加“平民主义”和更加“注重技术”的现代中国环境治理模式中、在中国现行经济一环境的两难选择中表现得很明显。
This article examines the environmental history of China from the late Qing to the early Republic of China, many of which are taken from the aspects of water management. This paper argues that unlike most western countries, the experiences of the late centuries and modern China have all been incorporated into economic development strategies in the past few centuries rather than waiting until some period of resource-intensive economic growth to consider these issues. Moreover, until the 19th century, the focus of economic development and environmental governance was above all on the issue of stabilizing reproduction and providing basic necessities to a growing population - a region that often involves the transfer of resources from the affluent regions to the vast inland regions and the relatively ecologically stable regions to the ecologically The task of transferring resources in fragile areas. In the 19-20 century, industrial technology and new national construction were carried out in a more fiercely competitive international environment, which changed those early governing principles but did not make them irrelevant: their legacy was even more “ Populism ”and more“ technology-oriented ”modern China’s environmental governance model, it has become evident in the dilemma of China’s current economic and environmental conditions.