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巴特尔纪念研究院是美国最大的独立研究机构。它是美国的非营利科研机构,享受免税待遇,按照公司方式运行。同时,因其主要以承担国家任务为主,在一定程度上又可视为“国立”研究机构。巴特尔纪念研究院的独特体制和运行机制,为研究科技体制改革中政府和市场的关系、科研机构的现代院所制度提供了典型的案例,特别是对于技术研发类机构的改革具有借鉴意义。文章通过回顾巴特尔纪念研究院的建立和发展过程,并重点从美国政府与巴特尔纪念研究院的合同关系,以及巴特尔纪念研究院在人事、经费、产业化管理和实验室管理等方面的特点进行分析,从而阐明其市场化运行机制,并对我国科研机构改革如何发挥“市场决定作用”提出了建议。
Battle Memorial Institute is the largest independent research institute in the United States. It is a nonprofit scientific research institute in the United States, enjoying tax-free treatment and running according to the company's mode. At the same time, it can be regarded as a “state” research institution to a certain extent because of its main task of undertaking national tasks. The unique system and operating mechanism of Battle Memorial Institute provide typical cases for studying the relationship between government and market in scientific and technological system reform and the system of modern institutes in scientific research institutes, especially for the reform of technology research institutions. By reviewing the establishment and development of Battle Memorial Institute, the article analyzes the contractual relationship between the U.S. government and Battle Memorial Institute and the characteristics of Battle Memorial Institute in terms of personnel, funding, industrialization and laboratory management , So as to clarify its market-oriented operating mechanism and put forward suggestions on how to play a “market-determined role” in the reform of China's scientific research institutions.