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为探明红麻种质种籽油脂开发利用价值,采取索氏提取法和气相色谱法对其种籽含油量和脂肪酸成分进行了研究,并对其做了相关性分析与聚类分析。结果表明,红麻种质种籽含油率较高,最高达25.87%,均值达23.36%;其脂肪酸主要由5种脂肪酸组成,平均含量顺序为亚油酸(43.92%)>油酸(28.40%)>棕榈酸(19.40%)>亚麻酸(3.40%)>硬脂酸(2.58%),不饱和脂肪酸达70.61%~89.09%,其中油酸含量大于27.08%的品种达19个,亚油酸含量超过50.88%的为5个,亚麻酸含量高于1.51%的品种有10个。相关分析表明,红麻种质含油量与棕榈酸、油酸呈正相关,与其它三个脂肪酸呈负相关。按聚类分析可将供试红麻种质划分为三大类,MSI101和H368两个品种为第一类,粤红1号、福红952、金光1号、玫瑰茄4611和福红航4号等5个品种为第二类,其余15个品种为第三类。综合分析可见,红麻种质种籽油具有较高含油量和适宜的脂肪酸含量,达到食用植物油标准,具有较好开发利用前景。MSI101和H368两个品种对特种保健食用油开发和品质育种具有重要应用价值。
In order to explore the development and utilization of kenaf germplasm seed oil, the oil content and fatty acid composition of the kenaf seed oil were studied by Soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the kenaf germplasm seeds had high oil content (up to 25.87%) with an average of 23.36%. The fatty acids mainly consisted of five kinds of fatty acids with the average contents of linoleic acid (43.92%)> oleic acid (28.40% )> Palmitic acid (19.40%)> linolenic acid (3.40%)> stearic acid (2.58%) and unsaturated fatty acid reached 70.61% ~ 89.09%, 19 oleic acid content more than 27.08%, linoleic acid There were 5 varieties with more than 50.88% content, 10 varieties with more than 1.51% linolenic acid content. Correlation analysis showed that kenaf germplasm oil content was positively correlated with palmitic acid and oleic acid, and negatively correlated with the other three fatty acids. According to the cluster analysis, the kenaf germplasm can be divided into three categories, MSI101 and H368 are the first type, the first type is Yuehong 1, Fuhong 952, Jinguang 1, Roselle 4611 and Fuhonghang 4 No. 5 varieties for the second category, the remaining 15 varieties for the third category. Comprehensive analysis shows that kenaf germplasm seed oil has high oil content and appropriate fatty acid content, reaching the standard of edible vegetable oil, with good prospects for development and utilization. MSI101 and H368 two varieties of special health edible oil development and quality breeding has important application value.