论文部分内容阅读
目的：探讨癌症患者医院感染的危险因素， 为制定防止医院感染发生的措施提供依据。方法：采用流行病学配对研究方法对１６８ 例医院感染癌症病人和１６８ 名对照病例进行了配对调查。结果：（１）抗肿瘤药或免疫抑制剂的应用与癌症病人医院感染发病有非常密切的关系（χ２＝ １０７．０２，Ｐ＜ ０．０１，ＯＲ＝ １３．６，９５％ ＣＩ７．１６～２１．７８）。（２）各种介入性检诊或治疗手段的应用也是造成癌症病人医院感染的主要危险因素。（３） 滥用抗生素也是导致医院感染的又一重要因素（χ２＝ ４．２６，Ｐ＜０．０５，ＯＲ＝ ４．０，９５％ ＣＩ２．７３～５．９５）。（４） 对手术暴露时间与医院感染的联系进行了趋势检验， 结果表明手术时间与医院感染的发生呈等级关系（χ２＝ ４３．２２，Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：提示医院对癌症患者使用免疫抑制剂时应控制用量和时间，防止滥用抗生素。在对病人实施介入性检诊或治疗时，必须严格消毒避免其交叉感染，尽量缩短手术暴露时间来控制医院感染
Objective: To explore the risk factors for nosocomial infection in cancer patients and provide evidence for the prevention of nosocomial infections. METHODS: A paired survey of 168 nosocomial cancer patients and 168 control cases was conducted using the epidemiologic pairing study method. Results: (1) The use of antineoplastic agents or immunosuppressants has a very close relationship with the incidence of nosocomial infections in cancer patients (χ2=107.02, P<0.01, OR=13.6%, 95% CI7.16~ 21.78). (2) The use of various interventional examinations or treatment methods is also a major risk factor for nosocomial infection in cancer patients. (3) The abuse of antibiotics is also another important factor leading to nosocomial infection (χ2 = 4.26, P <0.05, OR = 4.0, 95% CI2.73 ~ 5.95). (4) A trend test was conducted on the relationship between surgical exposure time and nosocomial infection. The results showed that the operation time was in a hierarchical relationship with nosocomial infection (χ2=43.22, P<0.01). Conclusion: It is suggested that hospitals should control the dosage and time for the use of immunosuppressants in cancer patients and prevent the abuse of antibiotics. When interventional examinations or treatment are performed on patients, they must be strictly sterilized to avoid cross-infection and the surgical exposure time should be minimized to control nosocomial infections.