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细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,MS)是高等植物中普遍存在的一种母性遗传现象,跟线粒体基因密切相关。小麦K型和V型细胞质雄性不育性是由于粘果山羊草和偏凸山羊草或易变山羊草的细胞质导入普通小麦中产生的,被认为是最有利用潜力的小麦不育种质,但是其不育性产生的机理还不清楚。本研究在已知小麦K型细胞质雄性不育系和保持系线粒体基因组序列的基础上,比较分析了K型,V型不育系和保持系中33个线粒体基因和22个开放阅读框(open reading frame,orf;K型不育系特有的,被认为是K型不育系的不育候选基因)。结果表明,线粒体基因中除atp6、nad6和rps3在保持系和不育系之间有较大差异外,其它基因在保持系和不育系中都是高度保守的,其一致性达98%以上,atp6和nad6在两个不育系中也是高度一致的;22个orf中只有orf249在K型和V型不育系之间具有一定差异,其余的orf高度一致,说明小麦K型和V型不育系的线粒体基因是高度保守的,推测二者可能具有相似的不育基因或不育机理。研究结果为小麦K型和V型不育系在杂交育种中的利用奠定了一定的理论基础。
Cytoplasmic male sterility (MS) is a common maternal genetic phenomenon in higher plants, which is closely related to mitochondrial gene. Wheat K-type and V-type cytoplasmic male sterility is considered to be the most potential wheat-derived wheat germplasm due to the introduction of common cytoplasm into Aegilops tauschii and Ae. Alba or Aegilops sinensis The mechanism of its infertility is unclear. In this study, based on the known genomic sequences of wheat K-type cytoplasmic male sterile and maintainer lines, 33 mitochondrial genes and 22 open reading frames (open) were analyzed in K-type, V-type sterile and maintainer lines reading frame, orf; peculiar to type K male sterile line, considered as a sterile candidate gene for type K male sterile line). The results showed that except for atp6, nad6 and rps3, mitochondrial genes were highly conserved among maintainer lines and male sterile lines, all other genes were highly conserved in maintainer lines and male sterile lines with a consistency of more than 98% , atp6 and nad6 were highly consistent in the two CMS lines; only 22 orf orf249 had some difference between K and V genotypes, and the rest orf were highly consistent, indicating that both K and V type of wheat The mitochondrial genes of CMS lines are highly conserved, suggesting that both may have similar sterility genes or infertility mechanisms. The results provide some theoretical basis for the utilization of wheat K-type and V-type CMS in hybrid breeding.