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有关老化和决策制定的研究并没有发现一致的年龄差异。从决策过程的角度,论述了老化对于决策制定的多层面影响。从认知层面来讲,流体认知能力的衰减会使老年人在决策制定前搜索更少的信息,使用非补偿性策略,基于属性进行信息搜索和比较;晶体认知能力的相对保持则在一定情况下弥补了这种消极影响;从动机层面来讲,关注情绪管理目标的老年人会倾向于寻求更多积极的信息,为了避免权衡诱发的消极情绪而更多地使用非补偿性策略。动机对于认知老化的消极影响有调节作用。具体来说,社会情绪选择理论和选择性投入假设认为,当决策任务符合老年人的社会目标,即情绪管理目标时,能够激活老年人投入认知资源的动机,从而缓解认知资源的衰减对于老年人决策表现的消极影响。未来的研究需要通过实验设计进一步探索动机与认知的交互作用,将多种过程追踪技术结合起来,明晰动机和认知能力在老年人决策制定中的作用。另外考虑到在社会目标方面的年龄差异,对于老年人决策质量的衡量应该更加注重主观决策质量。
Studies on aging and decision-making did not find a consistent age difference. From the perspective of the decision-making process, the multi-level impact of aging on decision-making is discussed. At the cognitive level, decay of fluid cognitive abilities causes seniors to search for less information before decision-making, use non-compensatory strategies to search for and compare information based on attributes, while the relative retention of crystal cognitive abilities Under certain circumstances, this negative influence is remedied. At the motivation level, seniors who focus on the emotional management tend to seek more positive information and use more uncompensated strategies in order to avoid weighing off induced negative emotions. Motivation has a regulatory effect on the negative effects of cognitive aging. Specifically, the social emotion selection theory and the alternative input hypothesis suggest that when the decision-making task is in line with the social goal of the elderly, that is, the goal of emotional management, the motivation of the elderly to activate the cognitive resources can be activated so as to ease the attenuation of cognitive resources. Negative impact of older decision making. Future research needs to further explore the interaction between motivation and cognition through experimental design, and combine various process tracking technologies to clarify the role of motivation and cognitive abilities in decision-making in the elderly. Also taking into account the age differences in social goals, the quality of decision-making for the elderly should pay more attention to the quality of subjective decision-making.