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胸腺肿瘤是胸部肿瘤相对罕见的一种肿瘤类型，世界卫生组织病理学分类将其划分为胸腺上皮肿瘤，包括胸腺瘤和胸腺癌。中国胸腺肿瘤的发病率约为4.09/100万，略高于欧美国家。对于可手术切除的胸腺上皮肿瘤优先推荐手术完全切除，术后或辅助以放化疗。而晚期不可切除的胸腺上皮肿瘤，治疗方式以放化疗为主，但是缺乏标准的一、二线治疗方案。近年来，靶向治疗药物和免疫检查点抑制剂在胸腺上皮肿瘤中展现出了一定的治疗前景。目前，中国胸腺上皮肿瘤的诊疗尚无指南发布，中国医师协会肿瘤多学科诊疗专业委员会根据国内外胸腺上皮肿瘤的研究进展进行认真分析和讨论，对胸腺上皮肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后等方面进行总结，制定中国胸腺上皮肿瘤临床诊疗指南(2021版)，以供临床医师参考。“,”Thymic tumor is a relatively rare type of thoracic cancer, which is pathologically-classified as thymic epithelial tumors by World Health Organization (WHO), including thymoma and thymic carcinoma. The incidence of thymic epithelial tumors in China is about 4.09 per million, which is slightly higher than that in European and American countries. For surgically-resectable thymic epithelial tumors, complete resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy is preferred. For advanced unresectable disease, conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment but lack of standard first-line and second-line regimens. In recent years, targeted drugs and the immune checkpoint inhibitors have gradually exhibited certain therapeutic prospect in this subset of tumor. Since there was no guideline regarding thymic epithelial tumor released in China, Multidisciplinary Committee on Oncology, Chinese Physicians Association analyze, summarize and discuss the relevant research data for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors, and formulate the “Chinese guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of thymic epithelial tumors (2021 Edition)” for clinicians′ reference.