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比较研究了不同溶剂提取所得牛蒡皮的抑菌性能,对牛蒡皮中抑菌活性物质进行了分析。分别以氯仿、无水乙醇、丙酮、异丁醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚提取牛蒡皮,滤纸片法研究了6种处理方法所得牛蒡提取物对大肠杆菌O157∶H7,肠炎沙门氏菌,单增李斯特菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,副溶血性弧菌,恶臭假单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、巨型葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,6种提取物对供试菌种均有一定的抑菌作用,其中,乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物抑菌效果最好。分别以石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇对牛蒡皮提取物进行萃取,对各部分抑菌活性进行分析。石油醚相抑菌活性显著(p<0.05)优于其他萃取相。采用硅胶层析柱对石油醚相进行分离纯化得到9个级分S1~S9,9个级分均具有抑菌活性,从S5中分离得化合物X,经质谱与核磁共振鉴定为豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的混合物。
The bacteriostasis of burdock bark obtained from different solvents was comparatively studied, and the antibacterial active substances in burdock bark were analyzed. Burdock barks were extracted with chloroform, ethanol, acetone, isobutanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether, respectively. The effects of the burdock extracts obtained from the six treatments on Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial effect. The results showed that the six kinds of extracts had certain bacteriostasis effect on the test strains, of which ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts had the best antibacterial activity. The extracts of burdock peel were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively, and the antibacterial activity of each part was analyzed. The antibacterial activity of petroleum ether was significant (p <0.05) better than other extracts. The petroleum ether phase was separated and purified by silica gel column. The nine fractions of S1 ~ S9 and nine fractions showed antibacterial activity. Compound X was isolated from S5 and identified as stigmasterol and β - Sitosterol mixture.