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一般认为,使用中断属于财产损失的一种,产生于财产的使用权益遭到侵权行为的侵害。很多国家都将其明确归类为一种可赔偿性损失。然而在使用中断的损害赔偿中,还有一些问题存在较大的争议,例如,在不存在租赁费用的情况下,是否赔偿非营利物的纯粹使用可能性的损失;如何判断租赁替代物的必要性或合理性;对于私人享乐物是否也赔偿其使用中断损失;在物的所有人原本就不会使用该物的情况下,是否存在使用中断的损失等。本文探索、分析了美、英、法、德等国家在使用中断的损害赔偿方面的立法与实践。另外,考虑到使用中断的损害赔偿在一些特殊领域有特别之处,本文还专门讨论了产品责任与环境侵权案件中使用中断的损害赔偿问题。在本文的结尾部分,笔者对中国的相关立法做了一个简要的归纳,并且结合国外立法的先进经验,探讨了中国未来的侵权法在使用中断的损害赔偿立法上的方向。
Generally believed that the use of interruption is a loss of property, resulting from the use of property rights violations have been infringed. Many countries have categorized it explicitly as a compensable loss. However, there are still some controversial issues concerning the use of interrupted damages, for example, whether the loss of pure non-profitability is compensated in the absence of rental costs and how to determine the need for lease replacement Sexual or reasonable; whether the personal enjoyment also compensates for the loss of its use interruption; whether the object owner will not use the object, whether there is interruption of use of the loss and so on. This article explores and analyzes the legislation and practice in the use of interrupted damages in the United States, Britain, France, Germany and other countries. In addition, considering the special nature of damage compensation using discontinuities, this article also discusses the issue of damages for discontinuance of use in product liability and environmental infringement cases. At the end of this article, the author gives a brief summary of the relevant legislation in China, and discusses the future direction of China's tort law in the use of interrupted legislation of damages in combination with the advanced experience of foreign legislation.